11006-33-0 Usage
Description
Phleomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic derived from Streptomyces, belonging to the bleomycin family. It exhibits cytotoxic properties due to its capacity to induce DNA fragmentation, which has significant implications in cancer therapy and as a selective agent in cellular transformations.
Uses
Used in Cancer Therapy:
Phleomycin is utilized as an anticancer agent, particularly effective in causing DNA damage and blocking mammalian cells from entering mitosis. It is commonly employed in combination with other therapeutic modalities to enhance the treatment of various types of cancer.
Used in Genetic Engineering:
In the field of genetic engineering, Phleomycin serves as a selective agent in the transformation of yeast, plant cells, and mammalian cells. It is used in conjunction with a vector carrying the bleomycin resistance protein ble, which allows for the selection of successfully transformed cells.
Used in DNA Research:
Due to its metal-complexing and DNA degrading properties, Phleomycin is also applied in DNA research to study the mechanisms of DNA damage, repair, and the effects of various agents on genetic material. This contributes to a deeper understanding of genetic processes and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Phleomycin can bind and intercalate with the DNA that leads to DNA strand breaks. It acts as an inhibitor of DNA replication.
in vitro
previous study found that the chromosomes could be cleaved into nucleosomes and degraded by phleomycin over significantly narrower dose ranges than by bleomycin. in addition, phleomycin also showed lower specificity for internucleosomal cleavage than bleomycin. moreover, it was found that the higher reactivity of phleomycin did not solely result from its higher rate of internucleosomal and intranucleosomal chromatin cleavage, since short phleomycin reactions always led to more extensive chromatin cleavage at low concentrations [1].
in vivo
a study of the in-vivo effects of phleomycin on meiosis of the mouse egg demonstrated a spectrum of damage to both first metaphase and second metaphase with polar body. the minimal effective dose in vivo of 2.5 μg/g of body weight could alter 28.3% of first metaphase figures and 50% of second metaphase cells [2].
references
[1] moore, c. w. internucleosomal cleavage and chromosomal degradation by bleomycin and phleomycin in yeast. cancer research 48(23), 6837-6843 (1988).[2] jagiello gm. action of phleomycin on the meiosis of the mouse ovum. mutat res. 1968 sep-oct;6(2):289-95.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 11006-33-0 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 1,1,0,0 and 6 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 3 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 11006-33:
(7*1)+(6*1)+(5*0)+(4*0)+(3*6)+(2*3)+(1*3)=40
40 % 10 = 0
So 11006-33-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C51H75N17O21S2/c1-16-29(65-41(68-38(16)54)21(8-27(53)72)60-9-20(52)39(55)78)44(82)67-31(34(22-10-58-15-61-22)88-49-50(5,36(76)33(74)25(11-69)87-49)89-47-37(77)51(85,48(57)84)35(75)26(12-70)86-47)45(83)62-18(3)32(73)17(2)42(80)66-30(19(4)71)43(81)59-7-6-28-63-24(14-90-28)46-64-23(13-91-46)40(56)79/h10,13,15,17-18,20-21,24-26,30-37,47,49,60,69-70,73-77,85H,6-9,11-12,14,52H2,1-5H3,(H2,53,72)(H2,55,78)(H2,56,79)(H2,57,84)(H,58,61)(H,59,81)(H,62,83)(H,66,80)(H,67,82)(H2,54,65,68)/t17?,18?,20?,21?,24?,25-,26?,30?,31?,32?,33+,34?,35-,36-,37-,47-,49-,50-,51+/m0/s1