13017-53-3Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis and Reactivity Profile of Ylidenemalononitrile Enamines and Their Ester Analogs Towards Electrophiles and Nucleophiles
Longstreet, Ashley R.,Rivalti, Daniel,McQuade, D. Tyler
, p. 8583 - 8596 (2015)
Herein, we describe the synthesis and reactivity of enamines derived from ylidenemalononitriles and ylidenecyanoacetates. The enamine scope was expanded by (1) increasing yields of aldehyde-derived ylidenemalononitriles, (2) incorporating silyl functional
A convenient and selective one-pot method for the synthesis of monosubstituted secondary alkyl malononitriles
Sammelson, Robert E.,Allen, Mark J.
, p. 543 - 546 (2007/10/03)
We have found that α,α-dicyanoalkenes can be efficiently and selectively reduced to α,α-dicyanoalkanes (malononitriles) with NaBH4 in 95% EtOH at 0 °C. In addition, we have determined that the condensation of malononitrile with ketones using absorption alumina as a catalyst can be followed directly, in one pot, by reduction with NaBH 4 in 95% EtOH at 0 °C to provide the monosubstituted secondary alkyl malononitriles in good to excellent yields (42-94%). This procedure provides a convenient alternative to direct alkylation of malononitrile or reduction of α,α-dicyanoalkene intermediates.
Geminal dinitriles and their reactions: I. Hydrolysis of alkylidene- and cycloalkylidenemalononitriles in aqueous medium
Smirnov,Sevast'yanova
, p. 1703 - 1708 (2007/10/03)
The kinetics of pseudounimolecular hydrolysis of alkylidene- and cycloalkylidenemalononitriles in an aqueous buffer at pH 7 were studied. Correlations between the rate constants and substituent effects were found to fit the Taft-Hancock equation. Electrochemical reduction of alkylidenemalononitriles was studied using 0.2 M tetraethylammonium iodide as supporting electrolyte. The half-wave reduction potentials are related to the substituent constants σ* by the Taft-Zuman equation. Anomalous behavior of 1,1-dicyano-2,3,3-trimethyl-1-butene was observed during the hydrolysis and electrochemical reduction at a dropping mercury electrode.