1302-78-9 Usage
Description
Bentonite is a type of clay that is comprised primarily of the smectite group (montmorillonite) of clay minerals. It is a light yellow, creamy, pale brown or gray to black powder or granules, and is a crystalline, claylike mineral. Bentonite is known for its high swelling property, large surface area, and strong adsorbing capacity.
Uses
Used in Wine Industry:
Bentonite is used as a general purpose additive for clarification and stabilization of wine. It acts as a pigment and colorant.
Used in Cosmetics Industry:
Bentonite is used as a filler in cosmetics and other products. It is also used to regulate the viscosity and suspension properties of a cosmetic formulation, acting as an overall formula stabilizer. Its water-absorption capabilities allow it to form a gelatinous mass, making it a noncomedogenic raw material.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Bentonite is used as an emulsifier for oils, a base for plasters, and as a pharmaceutic aid (suspending agent).
Used in Paper Making:
Bentonite is used as an adsorbent in making paper. The gelatinous suspension it forms with water is used to bind together the sand for making iron castings.
Used in Agricultural Industry:
Bentonite, also known as montmorillonite, volcanic clay, soap clay, and amargosite, is used as a suspending aid, a gelatinous slurry to extinguish fire, a paint thickener, and as a sealant for earthen pots. It is also widely used in metallurgy, soap manufacture, and in petroleum refining because of its high decolorizing power and strong adsorbing capacity.
Used in Environmental Applications:
Bentonite is used as an adsorbent for the elimination of pollutants from wastewater. Its swelling property is used to produce viscous water suspensions for bonding, plasticizing, and suspending applications.
Used in Insecticide Carriers:
Due to its large surface area and colloidal dispersion of particles, bentonite is used as an insecticide carrier, an emulsifier, and an emulsion stabilizer.
Production Methods
Bentonite is a native, colloidal, hydrated aluminum silicate, found in
regions of Canada and the USA. The mined ore is processed to
remove grit and nonswelling materials so that it is suitable for
pharmaceutical applications.
Pharmaceutical Applications
Bentonite is a naturally occurring hydrated aluminum silicate used
primarily in the formulation of suspensions, gels, and sols, for
topical pharmaceutical applications. It is also used to suspend
powders in aqueous preparations and to prepare cream bases
containing oil-in-water emulsifying agents.
Bentonite may also be used in oral pharmaceutical preparations,
cosmetics, and food products. In oral preparations,
bentonite, and other similar silicate clays, can be used to adsorb
cationic drugs and so retard their release. Adsorbents are also
used to mask the taste of certain drugs.
Bentonite has been investigated as a diagnostic agent for
magnetic resonance imaging.
Therapeutically, bentonite has been investigated as an adsorbent
for lithium poisoning.
Safety Profile
Poison by intravenous
route causing blood clotting. Questionable
carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic
data.
Safety
Bentonite is mainly used in topical pharmaceutical formulations but
has also been used in oral pharmaceutical preparations, food
products, and cosmetics.
Following oral administration, bentonite is not absorbed from
the gastrointestinal tract. Bentonite is generally regarded as a
nontoxic and nonirritant material.
LD50 (rat, IV): 0.035 g/kg
Potential Exposure
This material is used as Fuller’s earth;
as a mineral, natural, or synthetic fiber; as an emulsifier for
oils; as a base for plasters; in cosmetics, in polishes and
abrasives; as a food additive and others. Bentonites are aluminate
silicate and can contain crystalline silica. The content
varies widely from less than 1% to about 24% .
storage
Bentonite is hygroscopic, and sorption of atmospheric water should
be avoided.
Aqueous bentonite suspensions may be sterilized by autoclaving.
The solid material may be sterilized by maintaining it at 1708℃ for 1
hour after drying at 1008℃.
Bentonite should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry
place.
Shipping
Bentonite is not cited in the DOT Performance-
Oriented Packaging Standards.
Incompatibilities
Substance is a weak acid in water; avoid
contact with strong alkaline material. Incompatible with
oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates,
perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may
cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials,
strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.
Incompatibilities
Aqueous bentonite suspensions retain their viscosity above pH 6,
but are precipitated by acids. Acid-washed bentonite does not have
suspending properties. The addition of alkaline materials, such as
magnesium oxide, increases gel formation.
Addition of significant amounts of alcohol to aqueous preparations
will precipitate bentonite, primarily by dehydration of the
lattice structure.
Bentonite particles are negatively charged and flocculation
occurs when electrolytes or positively charged suspensions are
added. Bentonite is thus said to be incompatible with strong
electrolytes, although this effect is sometimes used beneficially to
clarify turbid liquids.
The antimicrobial efficacy of cationic preservatives may be
reduced in aqueous bentonite suspensions, but nonionic and anionic
preservatives are unaffected.
Bentonite is incompatible with acriflavine hydrochloride.
Waste Disposal
Land fill disposal.
Regulatory Status
Accepted in Europe as a food additive in certain applications.
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral capsules,
tablets and suspensions, topical suspensions, controlled release
transdermal films and vaginal suppositories). Included in nonparenteral
medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List
of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 1302-78-9 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 1,3,0 and 2 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 1302-78:
(6*1)+(5*3)+(4*0)+(3*2)+(2*7)+(1*8)=49
49 % 10 = 9
So 1302-78-9 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C6H12N4O9/c11-8(12)17-4-1-7(2-5-18-9(13)14)3-6-19-10(15)16/h1-6H2
