16136-58-6Relevant articles and documents
A flexible, palladium-catalyzed indole and azaindole synthesis by direct annulation of chloroanilines and chloroaminopyridines with ketones
Nazare, Marc,Schneider, Claudia,Lindenschmidt, Andreas,Will, David William
, p. 4526 - 4528 (2004)
The "ringmaster" [Pd(tBu3P)2] serves as the catalyst in the direct synthesis of indoles by annulation of ortho-chloroanilines with ketones (see picture). This versatile method can be used to synthesize a variety of functionalized indoles and azaindoles. DMA = dimethylacetarnide.
Design and synthesis of thiadiazolo-carboxamide bridged β-carboline-indole hybrids: DNA intercalative topo-IIα inhibition with promising antiproliferative activity
Tokala, Ramya,Sana, Sravani,Lakshmi, Uppu Jaya,Sankarana, Prasanthi,Sigalapalli, Dilep Kumar,Gadewal, Nikhil,Kode, Jyoti,Shankaraiah, Nagula
, (2020/10/27)
The conjoining of salient pharmacophoric properties directing the development of prominent cytotoxic agents was executed by constructing thiadiazolo-carboxamide bridged β-carboline-indole hybrids. On the evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic potential, 12c exhibited prodigious cytotoxicity among the synthesized new molecules 12a–k, with an IC50 50 value of 2.82 ± 0.10 μM. Besides, another compound 12a also displayed impressive cytotoxicity against A549 cell line (IC50: 3.00 ± 1.40 μM). Further target-based assay of these two compounds 12c and 12a revealed their potential as DNA intercalative topoisomerase-IIα inhibitors. Additionally, the antiproliferative activity of compound 12c was measured in A549 cells by traditional apoptosis assays revealing the nuclear, morphological alterations, and depolarization of membrane potential in mitochondria and externalization of phosphatidylserine in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis unveiled the G0/G1 phase inhibition and wound healing assay inferred the inhibition of in vitro cell migration by compound 12c in lung cancer cells. Remarkably, the safety profile of compound 12c was disclosed by screening against normal human lung epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B: IC50: 71.2 ± 7.95 μM) with a selectivity index range of 14.9–25.26. Moreover, Molecular modeling studies affirm the intercalative binding of compound 12c and 12a in the active pocket of topo-IIα. Furthermore, in silico prediction of physico-chemical parameters divulged the propitious drug-like properties of the synthesized derivatives.
Intracellular Trapping of the Selective Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase (PHGDH) Inhibitor BI-4924 Disrupts Serine Biosynthesis
Arnhof, Heribert,Bader, Gerd,Bruchhaus, Jens,Burkard, Michelle,Ciftci, Tuncay,Dahmann, Georg,Du, Alicia,Ettmayer, Peter,Fett, Thomas N.,Garavel, Géraldine,Gerstberger, Thomas,Haering, Daniela,Harrer, Christoph,Hofbauer, Karin S.,Kessler, Dirk,Kousek, Roland,Li, Dongyang,Li, Yali,Lv, Xiaobing,Martinelli, Paola,Mayer, Moriz,McConnell, Darryl B.,Mischerikow, Nikolai,Mitzner, Sophie,Pearson, Mark,Peric-Simov, Biljana,Quant, Jens,Rinnenthal, Joerg,Rumpel, Klaus,Savarese, Fabio,Scherbantin, Yvonne,Schnitzer, Renate,Scholz, Guido,Schrenk, Andreas,Sharps, Bernadette,Sommergruber, Wolfgang,Treu, Matthias,Weinstabl, Harald,Wolkerstorfer, Bernhard,Zahn, Stephan K.,Zhang, Xuechun,Zoephel, Andreas
supporting information, (2019/09/06)
Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is known to be the rate-limiting enzyme in the serine synthesis pathway in humans. It converts glycolysis-derived 3-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphopyruvate in a co-factor-dependent oxidation reaction. Herein, we report the discovery of BI-4916, a prodrug of the co-factor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD+)-competitive PHGDH inhibitor BI-4924, which has shown high selectivity against the majority of other dehydrogenase targets. Starting with a fragment-based screening, a subsequent hit optimization using structure-based drug design was conducted to deliver a single-digit nanomolar lead series and to improve potency by 6 orders of magnitude. To this end, an intracellular ester cleavage mechanism of the ester prodrug was utilized to achieve intracellular enrichment of the actual carboxylic acid based drug and thus overcome high cytosolic levels of the competitive cofactors NADH/NAD+
A biocatalytic method for the chemoselective aerobic oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids
Knaus, Tanja,Tseliou, Vasilis,Humphreys, Luke D.,Scrutton, Nigel S.,Mutti, Francesco G.
supporting information, p. 3931 - 3943 (2018/09/11)
Herein, we present a study on the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids using three recombinant aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs). The ALDHs were used in purified form with a nicotinamide oxidase (NOx), which recycles the catalytic NAD+ at the expense of dioxygen (air at atmospheric pressure). The reaction was studied also with lyophilised whole cell as well as resting cell biocatalysts for more convenient practical application. The optimised biocatalytic oxidation runs in phosphate buffer at pH 8.5 and at 40 °C. From a set of sixty-one aliphatic, aryl-Aliphatic, benzylic, hetero-Aromatic and bicyclic aldehydes, fifty were converted with elevated yield (up to >99%). The exceptions were a few ortho-substituted benzaldehydes, bicyclic heteroaromatic aldehydes and 2-phenylpropanal. In all cases, the expected carboxylic acid was shown to be the only product (>99% chemoselectivity). Other oxidisable functionalities within the same molecule (e.g. hydroxyl, alkene, and heteroaromatic nitrogen or sulphur atoms) remained untouched. The reaction was scaled for the oxidation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (2 g), a bio-based starting material, to afford 5-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid in 61% isolated yield. The new biocatalytic method avoids the use of toxic or unsafe oxidants, strong acids or bases, or undesired solvents. It shows applicability across a wide range of substrates, and retains perfect chemoselectivity. Alternative oxidisable groups were not converted, and other classical side-reactions (e.g. halogenation of unsaturated functionalities, Dakin-Type oxidation) did not occur. In comparison to other established enzymatic methods such as the use of oxidases (where the concomitant oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes is common), ALDHs offer greatly improved selectivity.
