Xn:Harmful;33904-04-0Relevant articles and documents
Discovery of boronic acid-based potent activators of tumor pyruvate kinase M2 and development of gastroretentive nanoformulation for oral dosing
Patle, Rajkumar,Shinde, Shital,Patel, Sagarkumar,Maheshwari, Rahul,Jariyal, Heena,Srivastava, Akshay,Chauhan, Neelam,Globisch, Christoph,Jain, Alok,Tekade, Rakesh K.,Shard, Amit
supporting information, (2021/05/19)
Several studies have established that cancer cells explicitly over-express the less active isoform of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is critical for tumorigenesis. The activation of PKM2 towards tetramer formation may increase affinity towards phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and avoidance of the Warburg effect. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and development of boronic acid-based molecules as activators of PKM2. The designed molecules were inspired by existing anticancer scaffolds and several fragments were assembled in the derivatives. 6a-6d were synthesized using a multi-step synthetic strategy in 55–70% yields, starting from cheap and readily available materials. The compounds were selectively cytotoxic to kill the cancerous cells at 80 nM, while they were non-toxic to the normal cells. The kinetic studies established the compounds as novel activators of PKM2 and (E/Z)-(4-(3-(2-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)-4-(dimethylamino)thiazol-5-yl)-2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl) phenyl)boronic acid (6c) emerged as the most potent derivative. 6c was further evaluated using various in silico tools to understand the molecular mechanism of tetramer formation. Docking studies revealed that 6c binds to the PKM2 dimer at the dimeric interface. Further to ascertain the binding site and mechanism of action, rigorous MD (molecular dynamics) simulations were undertaken, which led to the conclusion that 6c stabilizes the center of the dimeric interface that possibly promotes tetramer formation. We further planned to make a tablet of the developed molecule for oral delivery, but it was seriously impeded owing to poor aqueous solubility of 6c. To improve aqueous solubility and retain 6c at the lower gastrointestinal tract, thiolated chitosan-based nanoparticles (TCNPs) were prepared and further developed as tablet dosage form to retain anticancer potency in the excised goat colon. Our findings may provide a valuable pharmacological mechanism for understanding metabolic underpinnings that may aid in the clinical development of new anticancer agents targeting PKM2.
Synthesis and evaluation of frentizole-based indolyl thiourea analogues as MAO/ABAD inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease treatment
Hroch, Lukas,Guest, Patrick,Benek, Ondrej,Soukup, Ondrej,Janockova, Jana,Dolezal, Rafael,Kuca, Kamil,Aitken, Laura,Smith, Terry K.,Gunn-Moore, Frank,Zala, Dominykas,Ramsay, Rona R.,Musilek, Kamil
, p. 1143 - 1152 (2017/02/05)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with an excessive accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ). Based on the multifactorial nature of AD, preparation of multi-target-directed ligands presents a viable option to address more pathological events at one time. A novel class of asymmetrical disubstituted indolyl thioureas have been designed and synthesized to interact with monoamine oxidase (MAO) and/or amyloid-binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD). The design combines the features of known MAO inhibitors scaffolds (e.g. rasagiline or ladostigil) and a frentizole moiety with potential to interact with ABAD. Evaluation against MAO identified several compounds that inhibited in the low to moderate micromolar range. The most promising compound (19) inhibited human MAO-A and MAO-B with IC50values of 6.34 μM and 0.30 μM, respectively. ABAD activity evaluation did not show any highly potent compound, but the compound series allowed identification of structural features to assist the future development of ABAD inhibitors. Finally, several of the compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), preventing the use of the Amplex Red assay to detect hydrogen peroxide produced by MAO, highlighting the need for serious precautions when using an enzyme-coupled assay.
A highly efficient methodology for 5-methyl-3-aryl-2-thiooxazolidin-4-ones using lithium perchlorate in DIPEA mediated synthesis
Khatik, Gopal L.,Pal, Anang,Apsunde, Tushar D.,Nair, Vipin A.
experimental part, p. 734 - 739 (2010/08/22)
(Chemical Equation Presented) An efficient methodology for the synthesis of 5-methyl-3-aryl-2-thiooxazolidin-4-ones from aryl isothiocyanates has been developed. Aryl isothiocyanates, synthesized from various anilines, were converted to the desired compounds by treating with ethyl lactate in presence of DIPEA and catalytic amount of lithium perchlorate. This method provides a convenient and cost-effective strategy, with no specific purification protocol.
