34167-66-3Relevant articles and documents
Bicyclic imidazolium-based ionic liquids: synthesis and characterization
Kan, Huang-Chuan,Tseng, Ming-Chung,Chu, Yen-Ho
, p. 1644 - 1653 (2007)
We previously reported the use of imidazole as starting compound for preparing a bicyclic imidazolium ionic liquid, [b-3C-im][NTf2], with an overall 29% isolated yield in four synthetic steps. This new room temperature ionic liquid was shown to be far more chemically stable than commonly used [bmim][PF6], [bdmim][PF6], and [bdmim][NTf2]. Because of this intriguing chemical stability, it prompted us to develop a more generalized and high yielding synthesis so that molecular diversity of bicyclic ionic liquids may be explored. In this work, we amended the previous synthetic route by employing 4-chlorobutyronitrile or 5-chlorovaleronitrile as starting materials and successfully developed a five-step synthesis of a series of novel bicyclic imidazolium-based ionic liquids in 40-53% overall isolated yields. We investigated intrinsic reactivity of all bicyclic ionic liquids prepared and found that, under strongly basic conditions, among all tested ionic liquids the 5,5-membered [R-3C-im][NTf2] ionic liquids were most stable to solvent deuterium isotope exchange while the previously reported [bdmim][NTf2] ionic liquid was 50% deuterium exchanged at its C-2 methyl in 30 min at ambient temperature. Under identical condition, the commonly used [bmim][NTf2] ionic liquid was deuterium exchanged instantaneously at its C-2 hydrogen. In the absence of bases, only [bmim][PF6] was deuterium exchanged (50% within 1 h) and all other ionic liquids gave no detectable exchanges even after 25 days at ambient temperature. Moreover, both [bmim][NTf2] and [bdmim][NTf2] ionic liquids were readily methylated at C-2 position with methyl iodide under basic condition at room temperature. Under the same condition, [R-3C-im][NTf2] and [R-4C-im][NTf2] ionic liquids were completely stable and chemically inert. We envisioned that [R-3C-im][NTf2] should be well suited as solvents for organic synthesis.
ARYL, HETEROARYL, AND HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS FOR TREATMENT OF MEDICAL DISORDERS
-
, (2017/03/14)
Compounds, methods of use, and processes for making inhibitors of complement Factor D comprising Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition thereof wherein R12 or R13 on the A group is an aryl, heteroaryl or heterocycle (R32) are provided. The inhibitors of Factor D described herein reduce the excessive activation of complement.
Expedient synthesis of substituted imidazoles from nitriles
Frutos, Rogelio P.,Gallou, Isabelle,Reeves, Diana,Xu, Yibo,Krishnamurthy, Dhileepkumar,Senanayake, Chris H.
, p. 8369 - 8372 (2007/10/03)
Expedient and practical new methodology for the synthesis of substituted imidazoles was developed to provide a rapid access to a variety of 2-substituted, 1,2-disubstituted and 1,2,4-trisubstituted imidazoles by the direct CuCl-mediated reaction of nitriles with α-amino acetals in an intermolecular as well as intramolecular fashion.