3520-43-2

Basic information

• Product Name: JC-1
• Synonyms: 5,5',6,6'-TETRACHLORO-1,1',3,3'-*TETRAETHYBENZIMIDA;5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide;5,5',6,6'-Tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine iodide;JC-1;JC-1,5,5′,6,6′-Tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide, 5,5′,6,6′-Tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine iodide, CBIC2(3);JC-1 jodide;1h-benzimidazolium, 5,6-dichloro-2[3-(5,6-dichloro-1,3-diethyl-1,3-dihydro-2h-benzimidazol-2-ylidene)-1-propenyl]-1,3-diethyl-, Iodide;5,6-dichloro-2-[3-(5,6-dichloro-1,3-diethyl-2-benzimidazolinylidene)propenyl]-1,3-diethylbenzimidazolium Iodide
• CAS NO: 3520-43-2
• Molecular Formula: C25H27Cl4N4.I
• Molecular Weight: 652.228
• EINECS: 200-258-5
• Product Categories: Cyanine
• Mol File: 3520-43-2.mol
• Article Data: 2

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 275–278 ℃
• Appearance: Deep red/crystals
• Storage Temp.: room temp
• Solubility: Soluble in methanol, N,N-dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide
• Stability: Store as supplied desiccated at -20°C for up to 2 years from the date of purchase. Solutions in DMSO or distilled water may be stored at 4°C for up to 1 year. DO NOT FREEZE/THAW SOLUTIONS. Sterilize solutions only by filtration, not by autoclaving
• CAS DataBase Reference: JC-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: JC-1(3520-43-2)
• EPA Substance Registry System: JC-1(3520-43-2)

Safety Data

• WGK Germany: 3
• F: 10-21
• Hazardous Substances Data: 3520-43-2(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

JC-1 is a membrane-permeable cationic dye that is used to study mitochondrial integrity in the context of cellular apoptosis. It selectively enters mitochondria and changes fluorescence characteristics with alteration in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). In healthy cells with a high mitochondrial ΔΨm, JC-1 forms complexes known as J-aggregates, which fluoresce red/orange and may be detected using FL2 settings by flow cytometry. A drop in ΔΨm, a very early event in apoptosis, results in JC-1 monomers, which fluoresce green (FL1 settings on flow cytometers). JC-1 may also be used with fluorescent microscopes or plate readers, using excitation at 520-570 nm and emission at 570-610 nm for J-aggregates and excitation at 485 nm and emission at 535 nm for monomers.

Uses

Used in Biomedical Research:
JC-1 is used as a dual-emission potential-sensitive probe for measuring mitochondrial membrane potential. It is particularly useful in studying cellular apoptosis and mitochondrial integrity.
Used in Flow Cytometry:
JC-1 is used as a fluorescence marker for detecting changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) in cells. It helps in distinguishing between healthy cells with high ΔΨm and apoptotic cells with low ΔΨm by fluorescing red/orange for J-aggregates and green for monomers, respectively.
Used in Fluorescent Microscopy:
JC-1 is used as a staining agent for visualizing mitochondrial changes in cells under a fluorescent microscope. It allows researchers to observe the transition from J-aggregates to monomers, indicating a decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential.
Used in Plate Readers:
JC-1 is used as a fluorescence indicator in plate readers for high-throughput screening of mitochondrial membrane potential in cell populations. It enables the quantification of ΔΨm changes in response to various treatments or conditions.

References

1) Reers et al. (1991), J-aggregate formation of a carbocyanine as a quantitative fluorescent indicator of membrane potential; Biochemistry, 30 4480 2) Smiley et al. (1991), Intracellular heterogeneity in mitochondrial membrane potentials revealed by a J-aggregate-forming lipophilic cation JC-1; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88 3671 3) Lisa et al. (1995), Mitochondrial membrane potential in single living adult rat cardiac myocytes exposed to anoxia or metabolic inhibition; J. Physiol., 486 1 4) Wolosin et al. (2017), Application of JC1 for non-toxic isolation of cells with MDR transporter activity by flow cytometry; PLoS One, 12(4) e0174905 5) Wang et al. (2017), A novel cytoprotective peptide protects mesenchymal stem cells against mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis induced by starvation via Nrf2/Sirt3/FoxO3a pathway; J. Transl. Med., 15 33

InChI:InChI=1/C25H27Cl4N4.HI/c1-5-30-20-12-16(26)17(27)13-21(20)31(6-2)24(30)10-9-11-25-32(7-3)22-14-18(28)19(29)15-23(22)33(25)8-4;/h9-15H,5-8H2,1-4H3;1H/q+1;/p-1

Upstream product

• 75-03-6 ethyl iodide 
• 3237-62-5 5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-2-methyl benzimidazole 
• 80-40-0 ethyl ester of p-toluenesulfonic acid 
• 4751-25-1 2-(2'-anilinoethenyl)-5,6-dichloro-1,3-diethylbenzimidazole 

Relevant articles and documents

MACROPHAGE IDENTIFICATION AGENT, AND IDENTIFICATION METHOD, SORTING METHOD, EVALUATION METHOD, SCREENING METHOD AND KIT USING THE MACROPHAGE IDENTIFIER AGENT

An object of the present invention is to provide an identification method for a macrophage subtype using an organic compound. Another object of the present invention is to provide a macrophage identification agent containing an organic compound in which a spectral characteristic obtained when the organic compound is added is different depending on a macrophage subtype. Still another object of the present invention is to provide an evaluation method for a macrophage subtype using a macrophage identification agent, an analysis method for correlation between a macrophage subtype and a test substance, a screening method for correlation between a macrophage subtype and a test substance, and a kit. An identification method for a macrophage subtype utilizing that a spectral characteristic obtained with an organic compound added is different depending on a macrophage subtype is provided.