37086-84-3Relevant articles and documents
Reduction of aryl halides at transition metal cathodes. Conditions for aryl-aryl bond formation: The Ullmann's reaction revisited
Jouikov, Viatcheslav,Simonet, Jacques
, p. 781 - 783 (2010)
The cathodic reduction of some aryl halides ArX (1-naphthyl halides NpI and NpBr, iodo benzene and bromobenzene PhI and PhBr taken as model substrates) was achieved essentially in propylene carbonate (PC) considered for its high dielectric permittivity. Different electrode materials such as copper, silver, palladium, silver palladium alloy and nickel were used. Such conditions permit the activation of the C-X bond by metal (the step featuring similarity with Ullmann's reaction). Electron transfer to organometallic intermediates generated at the metal interface activates the formation of Ar-Ar linkages often in good yields, especially in the case of aryl iodides.
Diol-Ritter Reaction: Regio- And Stereoselective Synthesis of Protected Vicinal Aminoalcohols and Mechanistic Aspects of Diol Monoester Disproportionation
Abboud, Khalil A.,Cheng, Kevin,Klosin, Jerzy,Kruper, William J.,Kruper, William R.,Lysenko, Ivan,Ondari, Mark E.,Thomas, Pulikkottil J.
, (2021/10/20)
The well-known epoxide-Ritter reaction generally affords oxazolines with poor to average regioselectivity. Herein, a mechanism-based study of the less known diol-Ritter reaction has provided a highly regioselective procedure for the synthesis of 1-vic-amido-2-esters from either terminal epoxides or 1,2-diols via Lewis acid-catalyzed monoesterification. When treated with a stoichiometric Lewis acid catalyst (BF3), these diol monoesters form dioxonium cation intermediates that are ring-opened with nitrile nucleophiles to form nitrilium intermediates, which undergo rapid and irreversible hydration to give the desired amidoesters. Diester byproduct formation is irreversible and appears to occur through disproportionation of diol monoester. With chiral epoxide starting materials, the formation of amidoester occurs with retention of configuration and no apparent erosion of optical purity as determined by single-crystal X-ray analyses and chiral chromatography, respectively. The direct access to chiral vic-amidoesters is especially practical with regard to the synthesis of antibacterial oxazolidinone analogues of the Zyvox antimicrobial family.
COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR OCULAR DELIVERY
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Page/Page column 108; 207, (2020/05/12)
The present invention provides new prodrags of Sunitinib, Brinzolamide, and Dorzolamide and compositions to treat medical disorders, for example glaucoma, a disorder or abnormality related to an increase in intraocular pressure (TOP), a disorder requiring neuroprotection, age-related macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy.
