38861-78-8Relevant articles and documents
Degradation of ibuprofen by hydrodynamic cavitation: Reaction pathways and effect of operational parameters
Musmarra, Dino,Prisciandaro, Marina,Capocelli, Mauro,Karatza, Despina,Iovino, Pasquale,Canzano, Silvana,Lancia, Amedeo
, p. 76 - 83 (2016)
Ibuprofen (IBP) is an anti-inflammatory drug whose residues can be found worldwide in natural water bodies resulting in harmful effects to aquatic species even at low concentrations. This paper deals with the degradation of IBP in water by hydrodynamic cavitation in a convergent-divergent nozzle. Over 60% of ibuprofen was degraded in 60 min with an electrical energy per order (EEO) of 10.77 kWh m-3 at an initial concentration of 200 μg L-1 and a relative inlet pressure pin = 0.35 MPa. Five intermediates generated from different hydroxylation reactions were identified; the potential mechanisms of degradation were sketched and discussed. The reaction pathways recognized are in line with the relevant literature, both experimental and theoretical. By varying the pressure upstream the constriction, different degradation rates were observed. This effect was discussed according to a numerical simulation of the hydroxyl radical production identifying a clear correspondence between the maximum kinetic constant kOH and the maximum calculated OH production. Furthermore, in the investigated experimental conditions, the pH parameter was found not to affect the extent of degradation; this peculiar feature agrees with a recently published kinetic insight and has been explained in the light of the intermediates of the different reaction pathways.
Silicon nanowires as photoelectrodes for carbon dioxide fixation
Liu, Rui,Yuan, Guangbi,Joe, Candice L.,Lightburn, Thomas E.,Tan, Kian L.,Wang, Dunwei
, p. 6709 - 6712 (2012)
Lights on: When illuminated, p-type Si nanowires donate photogenerated electrons to aromatic ketones, producing reactive radicals that can harvest CO2 to yield α-hydroxy acids (see scheme). The reaction scheme closely resembles that of natural photosynthesis and gives up to 98 % yield and selectivity. Products obtained by this reaction include important precursors for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen and naproxen. Copyright
CONTINUOUS FLOW SYNTHESIS OF IBUPROFEN
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Paragraph 0021; 0027; 0368-0371; 0374-0375; 0379; 0388-0389, (2021/04/23)
This disclosure generally relates to methods of making ibuprofen, naproxen, and derivatives thereof. This disclosure also generally relates to compounds made by the disclosed methods. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.
FeCl3-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylation of aryl/heteroaryl acetic acids: Preparation of selected API impurities
Gangadurai, Chinnakuzhanthai,Illa, Giri Teja,Reddy, D. Srinivasa
, p. 8459 - 8466 (2020/11/05)
There is an ever-increasing demand for impurity compounds for use in impurity profiling as regulatory agencies seek information during registration. Herein, we report the FeCl3-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylation of aryl- and heteroaryl acetic acids to the corresponding carbonyl compounds. A variety of useful aldehydes and ketones were prepared in a simple one-pot transformation by employing an environmentally benign, low-cost, and readily available iron salt. The utility of this method has been demonstrated by preparing five valuable API impurities including a multi-gram-scale synthesis of ketorolac impurity B for the first time. This journal is
