507-70-0 Usage
Description
Borneol, also known as "compound long nao," is a colorless and transparent crystal with a pungent, camphor-like odor and a burning taste reminiscent of mint. It is a bicyclic terpene alcohol and occurs naturally in various plants, such as cinnamon leaf, ginger, Thymus, cardamom, coriander leaf, and coriander seed. Borneol is characterized by its white translucent flakes or granular crystals, a clear aroma, and is slightly denser than water. It has a melting point of 201–205°C and is soluble in ethanol, chloroform, or ether, but almost insoluble in water. Borneol is also known for its ability to enhance blood-brain barrier permeability, increase brain concentrations of drugs, and protect the brain and blood-brain barrier without causing pathological damage.
Uses
1. Perfumery:
Borneol is used as a fixative and fragrance component in the perfumery industry due to its clear aroma and camphor-like odor.
2. Food Additive Industry:
Borneol is used as a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, enhancing the flavor and aroma of various food products.
3. Pharmaceutical Industry:
Borneol is used as a promoter of drug absorption due to its ability to enhance blood-brain barrier permeability and increase brain concentrations of drugs without causing pathological damage.
4. Traditional Chinese Medicine:
Borneol is used in traditional Chinese medicine for its pungent, bitter, and slightly cold properties, entering the heart, spleen, and lung meridians.
5. Essential Oils Reconstitution:
Borneol is used in the reconstitution of essential oils in which it occurs naturally, contributing to the overall aroma and properties of the oil.
6. Chemical Synthesis:
Borneol is used as a starting material for the synthesis of other compounds, such as camphor and bornyl esters, through chemical reactions like oxidation and esterification.
References
[1] N. Zhang, P. Liu and X. He, Effect of borneol, moschus, storax, and acorus tatarinowii on expression levels of four amino acid neurotransmitters in the rat corpus striatum, Neural Regen Res., 2012, vol. 7, 440-444
[2] George A. Burdock, Encyclopedia of Food and Color Additives, Volume 1, 2000
History
l-Borneolum is one of the few drugs used from ancient times which is a single organic small molecule. With the progress of technology in modern times, it was found that there are optical differences by measuring the polarimetry, and accordingly the borneol is divided into three drugs: natural borneol (d-borneol), ai pian (l-borneol), and artificial borneol (synthetic borneol or dl-borneol).
The researches of l-borneolum are inextricably linked to borneol, but compared with the borneol, l-borneolum still has significant disadvantages. For example, borneol is used in the wider region than 1-borneolum which is mainly used in China. The pharmacological studies of borneol in modern times are much more than l-borneolum as well. The plant resources of borneol are the Cinnamomum camphora, known as the “woody incense,” and the plant resources of l-borneolum are Ai Na Xiang, known as “herbal fragrance.” From the Chinese traditional habits, it is thought that woody incense is better than herbal fragrance, so l-borneolum’s usage is limited. The purification process of borneol was done earlier than l-borneolum, and the process is excellent, with less camphor, isosorbide, and other toxic components. l-Borneolum has less purification process due to the small distribution range. Until the 1970s, l-borneolum was produced using the traditional manual process, leading to the low rate of borneol and high toxic components, finally affecting its clinical usage. In the 1980s and 1990s of the twentieth century, with the reduction of plant resources of natural borneol, the increasing demands of borneol and the poor synthesis process of borneol, the plant cultivation and purification studies of l-borneolum were developed for a while. However, with the continuous discovery of plant resources of natural borneol and the improvement of synthesis process, the research of l-borneolum was back to normal.
Indications
Sore throat, aphthous, red eyes, purulent ear discharge, convulsions, febrile delirium, sudden faint due to qi depression, stroke, and coma
Air & Water Reactions
Flammable. Insoluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
Borneol is an alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.
Hazard
Fire risk in presence of open flame.
Health Hazard
Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
Fire Hazard
Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect. Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence. Substance may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
Pharmacology
The main effects of l-borneolum are to induce resuscitation (with aromatic stimulation), clear stagnated fire (fever feeling), remove nebula to improve eyesight, and
relieve swelling and pain. In traditional Chinese medicine, borneol is often used as
an envoy drug and combined with other drugs.The modern pharmacological researches showed that l-borneolum can cross the
blood-brain barrier (BBB) through increasing cell membrane fluidity, Na+ -K+-
ATPase activity, decreasing membrane potential, and regulating intracellular calcium concentration, which is involved in the effect of resuscitation .The key brain-protective mechanism of l-borneolum and synthetic borneol is
closely related to the regulation of P-glycoprotein pathway, lipid peroxidation, and
nitric oxide pathway. In addition, it can regulate the calcium pathway, which is the
main biological mechanism of “Xin-floating-heart” medicinal property of borneol
and resuscitation. Based on the statistical results of strength integral law, it demonstrated that the brain-protective effect of l-borneolum is stronger than synthetic borneol, suggesting that we should prefer l-borneolum for the treatment of
cerebrovascular disease .
Clinical Use
l-Borneolum is used as a kind of borneol in clinical usage all along, but its clinical
usage is fewer than borneol considering its clinical efficacy is weaker than borneol.
The main reasons may be the following aspects: the discovery of l-borneolum is
later than borneol, and the processing technology of l-borneolum is far behind borneol which leads to high impurities. l-Borneolum has less adverse reactions the
same as borneol, including gastrointestinal irritation, reproductive toxicity, and
allergic reactions.
Synthesis
Racemic borneol is prepared synthetically by reduction of camphor or from pinene.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 507-70-0 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 5,0 and 7 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 0 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 507-70:
(5*5)+(4*0)+(3*7)+(2*7)+(1*0)=60
60 % 10 = 0
So 507-70-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C10H16O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h6-7,11H,4-5H2,1-3H3
507-70-0Relevant articles and documents
Microbiological conversion of α terpineol (2)
Tadasa,Fukazawa,Kunimatsu,Hayashi
, p. 1069 - 1073 (1976)
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Poisoning effect of N-containing compounds on performance of Raney nickel in transfer hydrogenation
Martyanov, Oleg N.,Philippov, Alexey A.
, (2021/10/19)
The effect of amines, imines and heterocycle compounds on conversion has been studied in transfer hydrogenation of camphor and 2-PrOH catalyzed by Raney nickel. Small amount (5 mol% to nickel) of N-containing compound significantly decreases catalyst activity. It has been shown that the poisoning effect mostly depends on molecular size of amines and heterocyclic compounds. For aniline and cyclohexylamine the dependence of camphor conversion on poison/nickel ratio was obtained. Additionally, benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde demonstrated higher reactivity compared corresponding imines under transfer hydrogenation conditions. Obtained data explain low activity of nickel-based catalysts when N-containing compounds are presented in reaction mixture.
Simple Plug-In Synthetic Step for the Synthesis of (?)-Camphor from Renewable Starting Materials
Calderini, Elia,Drienovská, Ivana,Myrtollari, Kamela,Pressnig, Michaela,Sieber, Volker,Schwab, Helmut,Hofer, Michael,Kourist, Robert
, p. 2951 - 2956 (2021/06/18)
Racemic camphor and isoborneol are readily available as industrial side products, whereas (1R)-camphor is available from natural sources. Optically pure (1S)-camphor, however, is much more difficult to obtain. The synthesis of racemic camphor from α-pinene proceeds via an intermediary racemic isobornyl ester, which is then hydrolyzed and oxidized to give camphor. We reasoned that enantioselective hydrolysis of isobornyl esters would give facile access to optically pure isoborneol and camphor isomers, respectively. While screening of a set of commercial lipases and esterases in the kinetic resolution of racemic monoterpenols did not lead to the identification of any enantioselective enzymes, the cephalosporin Esterase B from Burkholderia gladioli (EstB) and Esterase C (EstC) from Rhodococcus rhodochrous showed outstanding enantioselectivity (E>100) towards the butyryl esters of isoborneol, borneol and fenchol. The enantioselectivity was higher with increasing chain length of the acyl moiety of the substrate. The kinetic resolution of isobornyl butyrate can be easily integrated into the production of camphor from α-pinene and thus allows the facile synthesis of optically pure monoterpenols from a renewable side-product.
