54715-54-7Relevant articles and documents
Effect of acetonitrile-water mixtures on the reaction of dinitrochlorobenzene and dinitrochlorobenzo-trifluoride with hydroxide ion
El-Mallah,Senior,Nabil,Ramadan,Hamed
experimental part, p. 453 - 463 (2011/04/12)
The kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of 2-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride 1 and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene 2 were studied in various acetonitrile-water (AN-H2O) mixtures (10-90% w/w) at different temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters ΔH# and ΔS# show great variation, whereas ΔG# appears to vary little with the solvent composition presumably due to compensating variations. The results are discussed in terms of the solvent parameters such as preferential solvation, dielectric constant, polarity/polarizability, and hydrogen bond donor and acceptor parameters. It has been found that the factors controlling the reaction rates are the desolvation of OH-, the solvophobicity of the medium, and free water molecules in rich AN mixed solvent. The data showed that the solvatochromic parameters of (AN-H2O) mixed solvent are destroyed in the presence of excess OH-.