5996-10-1 Usage
Description
D-Glucose monohydrate is a monosaccharide that occurs widely in nature as D-glucose. It is an essential component of various biological processes and is involved in energy storage and release systems. D-Glucose monohydrate is a white or almost white, crystalline powder that is odorless, sweet-tasting, and colorless.
Uses
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
D-Glucose monohydrate is used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient for the treatment of various medical conditions. It is used as an energy source in the body and helps in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Used in Food and Beverage Industry:
D-Glucose monohydrate is used as a sweetener and a bulking agent in the food and beverage industry. It is used in the manufacture of confections, soft drinks, and other sweetened products.
Used in Agricultural Industry:
D-Glucose monohydrate is used in agriculture as a source of energy for plants. It is used in the production of biofuels, such as ethanol, and as a nutrient for the growth of microorganisms.
Used in Biochemical Research:
D-Glucose monohydrate is used as a substrate in various biochemical research applications. It is used in the study of metabolic pathways, enzyme kinetics, and the development of new drugs and therapies.
Used in Canning Industry:
D-Glucose monohydrate is used in the canning industry to preserve food products. It helps to maintain the texture, flavor, and nutritional value of canned goods.
Used in Confectionery Industry:
D-Glucose monohydrate is used in the confectionery industry to produce candies, chocolates, and other sweet treats. It provides sweetness and helps to improve the texture and appearance of confectionery products.
Used in Fermentation Process:
D-Glucose monohydrate is used in the fermentation process by yeasts to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide. This is important in the production of alcoholic beverages and biofuels.
Used in Metabolism of Living Organisms:
D-Glucose monohydrate is used as a primary source of energy in the metabolism of living organisms. It is transported through the blood, lymph, and cerebrospinal fluid to cells where energy is released during glycolysis.
Used in Production of Biochemical Compounds:
D-Glucose monohydrate is used in the production of various biochemical compounds, such as acetic and butyric acids, lactic acid, butyl alcohol, acetone, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide.
Used in Commercial Glucose Production:
D-Glucose monohydrate is produced commercially by hydrolyzing corn starch with dilute mineral acid. Commercial glucose is mostly used in the manufacture of confections and in the canning industry.
Production Methods
Dextrose, a monosaccharide sugar, occurs widely in plants and is manufactured on a large scale by the acid or enzymatic hydrolysis of starch, usually maize (corn) starch. Below 50°C a-D-dextrose monohydrate is the stable crystalline form produced; above 50°C the anhydrous form is obtained; and at still higher temperatures b-D-dextrose is formed, which has a melting point of 148–155°C.
Pharmaceutical Applications
Dextrose is widely used in solutions to adjust tonicity and as a sweetening agent.Dextrose is also used as a wet granulation diluent and binder, primarily in chewable tablets.Although dextrose is comparable as a tablet diluent to lactose, tablets produced with dextrose monohydrate require more lubrication, are less friable, and have a tendency to harden. The mildly reducing properties of dextrose may be used when tableting to improve the stability of active materials that are sensitive to oxidation.
Dextrose is also used therapeutically and is the preferred source of carbohydrate in parenteral nutrition regimens.
Safety
D-Glucose monohydrate is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is metabolized to carbondioxide and water with therelease ofenergy.
Concentrated D-Glucose monohydrate solutions given by mouth may cause nausea and vomiting. D-Glucose monohydrate solutions of concentration greater than 5% w/v are hyperosmotic and are liable to cause local vein irritation following intravenous administration. Thrombophlebitis has been observed following the intravenous infusion of isoosmotic D-Glucose monohydrate solution with low pH, probably owing to the presence of degradation products formed by overheating during sterilization. The incidence of phlebitis may be reduced by adding sufficient sodium bicarbonate to raise the pH of the infusion above pH 7.
LD50 (mouse, IV): 9g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 25.8g/kg
Physiological effects
Dextrose Monohydrate is the monohydrate form of D-glucose, it restore blood glucose levels, provide calories, may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein-sparing action.Dextrose Monohydratealso plays a role in the production of proteins and in lipid metabolism.
storage
D-Glucose monohydrate has good stability under dry storage conditions. Aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving. However, excessive heating can cause a reduction in pH and caramelization of solutions.
Thebulkmaterialshouldbestoredinawell-closedcontainerina cool, dry place.
Incompatibilities
Dextrose solutions are incompatible with a number of drugs such as cyanocobalamin, kanamycin sulfate, novobiocin sodium, and warfarin sodium. Erythromycin gluceptate isunstable indextrose solutions at a pH less than 5.05. Decomposition of B-complex vitamins may occur if they are warmed with dextrose.
In the aldehyde form, dextrose can react with amines, amides, amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Brown coloration and decomposition occur with strong alkalis.
Dextrose may cause browning of tablets containing amines (Maillard reaction).
Regulatory Status
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (capsules; inhalations; IM, IV, and SC injections; tablets, oral solutions, and syrups). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 5996-10-1 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 5,9,9 and 6 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 0 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 5996-10:
(6*5)+(5*9)+(4*9)+(3*6)+(2*1)+(1*0)=131
131 % 10 = 1
So 5996-10-1 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C6H12O6.H2O/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2;/h2-11H,1H2;1H2/t2-,3-,4-,5-,6+;/m1./s1
