624-45-3Relevant articles and documents
Design of a highly ordered mesoporous H3PW12O 40/ZrO2-Si(Ph)Si hybrid catalyst for methyl levulinate synthesis
Su, Fang,Ma, Ling,Song, Daiyu,Zhang, Xianghuan,Guo, Yihang
, p. 885 - 890 (2013)
A highly ordered mesoporous ZrO2-based material functionalized by benzene-bridged organosilica groups and the Keggin type heteropolyacid, prepared in a single co-condensation-hydrothermal treatment step, exhibited much higher catalytic activity towards methyl levulinate synthesis compared to alkyl-free H3PW12O40/ZrO2.
Heteropoly acid and ZrO2 bifunctionalized organosilica hollow nanospheres for esterification and transesterification
Su, Fang,An, Sai,Song, Daiyu,Zhang, Xianghuan,Lu, Bo,Guo, Yihang
, p. 14127 - 14138 (2014)
Single-micelle-templated preparation of heteropoly acid and ZrO2 bifunctionalized organosilica hollow nanospheres (H3PW 12O40/ZrO2-Et-HNS) is developed by co-hydrolysis and -condensation of bissilylated organic precursor, 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane (BTMSE), with a zirconium source (Zr(OC 4H9)4) in the presence of H3PW 12O40, triblock copolymer surfactant F127 and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) followed by boiling ethanol washing. Through tuning the molar ratios of Si/Zr in the initial gel mixture, the morphology transformation from the 3D interconnected mesostructure to the hollow spherical nanostructure is realized. The inner diameter of the H3PW 12O40/ZrO2-Et-HNS materials is in the range of 6-12 nm, and their shell thickness is ca. 2 nm. As novel organic-inorganic hybrid catalysts, the catalytic activity of H3PW12O 40/ZrO2-Et-HNS is evaluated by the model reactions of esterification of levulinic acid (LA) with methanol to methyl levulinate and transesterification of yellow horn oil with methanol to biodiesel at refluxing temperature (65 °C) and atmospheric pressure. The obtained excellent heterogeneous acid catalytic activity of H3PW12O 40/ZrO2-Et-HNS is explained in terms of their strong Broensted and Lewis acidity, unique hollow nanospherical morphology and hydrophobic surface. Finally, the recyclability of the hybrid catalysts is tested through three consecutive catalytic runs. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
Conversion of carbohydrates to methyl levulinate catalyzed by sulfated montmorillonite
Xu, Xingliang,Zhang, Xianlong,Zou, Weijian,Yue, Huijuan,Tian, Ge,Feng, Shouhua
, p. 67 - 70 (2015)
We reported a highly efficient conversion of carbohydrates such as glucose to methyl levulinate (ML) in methanol with a series of sulfated montmorillonite (MMT) as simple and inexpensive catalysts. Among these catalysts, the MMT treated by H2SO4 after calcination (especially the MMT treated by 20% H2SO4) showed a high catalytic activity. Under the optimal conditions, the conversion of glucose and fructose was up to 100%, and the ML yields obtained from glucose and fructose were 48% and 65%, respectively. The reaction conditions were optimized. Further, the structure and properties of sulfated MMT were characterized.
Efficient alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol to n-butyl levulinate catalyzed by 5-sulfosalicylic acid
Zhao, Wenguang,Ding, Hui,Tian, Yi,Xu, Qiong,Liu, Xianxiang
, p. 1339 - 1345 (2021/02/26)
It is urgent to study the utilization of biomass energy to solve the environmental problems caused by the excessive use of fossil fuels. In this study, a rapid and efficient route for the conversion of furfuryl alcohol (FA) into n-butyl levulinate (BL) has been catalyzed by 5-sulfosalicylic acid. The nearly complete conversion of FA and a considerable 99.7% selectivity of BL are obtained under the optimal conditions. Based on the experimental results, a possible mechanism for the alcoholysis of FA is proposed. The present study provided a promising way for alkyl levulinates synthesis over economical and environmentally benign catalysts.
Esterification of levulinic acid over Sn(II) exchanged Keggin heteropolyacid salts: An efficient route to obtain bioaditives
Da Silva, Márcio José,Chaves, Diego Morais,Teixeira, Milena Galdino,Oliveira Bruziquesi, Carlos Giovani
, (2021/03/04)
In this paper, we describe a process to add value to the biomass derivatives (i.e., levulinic acid), converting it to bioadditives over solid Sn(II) exchanged Keggin heteropolyacid salts. These solid catalysts are an attractive alternative to the traditional soluble and corrosive Br?nsted acid catalysts. Among Sn(II) heteropoly salts, the Sn1.5PW12O40 was the most active and selective catalyst, achieving high conversions (ca. 90 %) and selectivity (90–97 %) for alkyl esters and angelica lactone, the main reaction products. The impacts of the main reaction parameters (i.e., catalyst load, temperature, and the molar ratio of alcohol to acid) were investigated. The use of renewable raw material, and an efficient and recyclable catalyst are the main positive features of this process. The Sn1.5PW12O40 catalyst was easily recovered and reused without loss activity.
Metal-free reduction of unsaturated carbonyls, quinones, and pyridinium salts with tetrahydroxydiboron/water
Li, Tiejun,Peng, Henian,Tang, Wenjun,Tian, Duanshuai,Xu, Guangqing,Yang, He
, p. 4327 - 4337 (2021/05/31)
A series of unsaturated carbonyls, quinones, and pyridinium salts have been effectively reduced to the corresponding saturated carbonyls, dihydroxybenzenes, and hydropyridines in moderate to high yields with tetrahydroxydiboron/water as a mild, convenient, and metal-free reduction system. Deuterium-labeling experiments have revealed this protocol to be an exclusive transfer hydrogenation process from water. This journal is