64091-87-8Relevant articles and documents
Selective Halogenation of Pyridines Using Designed Phosphine Reagents
Alegre-Requena, Juan V.,Levy, Jeffrey N.,Liu, Renrong,McNally, Andrew,Paton, Robert S.
supporting information, p. 11295 - 11305 (2020/07/13)
Halopyridines are key building blocks for synthesizing pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and ligands for metal complexes, but strategies to selectively halogenate pyridine C-H precursors are lacking. We designed a set of heterocyclic phosphines that are installed at the 4-position of pyridines as phosphonium salts and then displaced with halide nucleophiles. A broad range of unactivated pyridines can be halogenated, and the method is viable for late-stage halogenation of complex pharmaceuticals. Computational studies indicate that C-halogen bond formation occurs via an SNAr pathway, and phosphine elimination is the rate-determining step. Steric interactions during C-P bond cleavage account for differences in reactivity between 2- and 3-substituted pyridines.
Selective palladium-catalyzed direct C-H arylation of unsubstituted N-protected pyrazoles
Kumpulainen, Esa T. T.,Pohjakallio, Antti
, p. 1555 - 1561 (2014/06/09)
A highly selective C-5 arylation of N-dimethylaminosulfamoyl-protected pyrazole with aryl bromides is catalyzed by 2-5 mol% palladium in the presence of triphenylphosphine ligand and carboxylic acid additive. Selectivities up to 45:1 (C-5:C-4) can be achieved by running the reaction in non-polar solvents. A thorough study of scope and limitations shows good general tolerance of aryl bromide substitution. However, limitations on tolerance of ortho-subsitution and protic functional groups were established. Together with a telescoped deprotection step this method presents a viable alternative for the synthesis of C-3 arylated pyrazole building blocks.
Pd-catalysed direct 5-arylation of 1-methylpyrazole with aryl bromides
Beladhria, Anissa,Beydoun, Kassem,Ammar, Hamed Ben,Salem, Ridha Ben,Doucet, Henri
experimental part, p. 2553 - 2560 (2011/10/04)
1-Methylpyrazole was found to be a suitable partner for palladium-catalysed direct arylation through C-H activation/functionalisation using aryl bromides. The reaction conditions and the nature of the catalyst were found to have a determining influence on