74931-59-2Relevant articles and documents
Commercial manufacturing of propofol: Simplifying the isolation process and control on related substances
Pramanik, Chinmoy,Kotharkar, Sandeep,Patil, Pradip,Gotrane, Dinkar,More, Yogesh,Borhade, Ajit,Chaugule, Balaji,Khaladkar, Tushar,Neelakandan,Chaudhari, Ashok,Kulkarni, Mukund G.,Tripathy, Narendra K.,Gurjar, Mukund K.
supporting information, p. 152 - 156 (2014/05/20)
A commercially viable manufacturing process for propofol (1) is described. The process avoids acid-base neutralization events during isolation of intermediate, 2,6-di-isopropylbenzoic acid (3) and crude propofol, and thus simplifies the synthesis on industrial scale to a considerable extent. Syntheses of five impurities/related substances (USP and EP) are also described.
Stereoselective ring-opening polymerization of a racemic lactide by using achiral salen- and homosalen-aluminum complexes
Nomura, Nobuyoshi,Ishii, Ryohei,Yamamoto, Yoshihiko,Kondo, Tadao
, p. 4433 - 4451 (2008/02/09)
Highly isotactic polylactide or poly(lactic acid) is synthesized in a ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of racemic lactide with achiral salen- and homosalen-aluminum complexes (salenH2 = N,N′-bis(salicylidene) ethylene-1,2-diamine; homosalenH2 = N,N′-bis(salicylidene) trimethylene-1,3-diamine). A systematic exploration of ligands demonstrates the importance of the steric influence of the Schiff base moiety on the degree of isotacticity and the backbone for high activity. The complexes prepared in situ are pure enough to apply to the polymerizations without purification. The crystal structures of the key complexes are elucidated by X-ray diffraction, which confirms that they are chiral. However. analysis of the 1H and 13C NMR spec tra unambiguously demonstrates that their conformations are so flexible that the chiral environment of the complexes cannot be maintained in solution at 25°C and that the complexes are achiral under the polymerization conditions. The flexibility of the back-bone in the propagation steps is also documented. Hence, the isotacticity of the polymer occurs due to a chain-end control mechanism. The highest reactivity in the present system is obtained with the homosalen ligand with 2.2-dimethyl substituents in the backbone (ArCH=NCH2CMe2CH2N=CHAr), whereas tBuMe2Si substituents at the 3-positions of the salicylidene moieties lead to the highest selectivity (Pmeso,= 0.98; T m = 210°C). The ratio of the rate constants in the ROPs of racemic lactide and L-lactide is found to correlate with the stereoselectivity in the present system. The complex can be utilized in bulk polymerization, which is the most attractive in industry, although with some loss of stereoselectivity at high temperature, and the afforded polymer shows a higher melting temperature (Pmeso = 0.92, Tm up to 189°C) than that of homochiral poly(L-lactide) (Tm = 162-180°C). The "livingness" of the bulk polymerization at 130°C is maintained even at a high conversion (97-98%) and for an extended polymerization time (1-2 h).
Chiral zirconium catalysts using multidentate BINOL derivatives for catalytic enantioselective Mannich-type reactions; ligand optimization and approaches to elucidation of the catalyst structure
Ihori, Yoichi,Yamashita, Yasuhiro,Ishitani, Haruro,Kobayashi, Shu
, p. 15528 - 15535 (2007/10/03)
Catalytic enantioselective Mannich-type reactions of silicon enolates with aldimines were investigated using chiral zirconium catalysts prepared from Zr(OtBu)4, N-methylimidazole, and newly designed multidentate BINOL derivatives. Th
