7647-10-1 Usage
Chemical Description
Palladium chloride and lithium chloride are used in the preparation of [PdCl{1-(1-naphthyl)-1-methyl-p-allyl}].
Chemical Description
Palladium chloride is a compound with the formula PdCl2.
Description
Palladium chloride, with the molecular formula PdCl2, is a dark brown crystalline compound. It appears as brown-red needle-like crystals or powder and is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture from the air. The relative density of palladium chloride is 4.0, and it has a melting point of 500°C (decomposition). It is soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, and hydrogen bromide, and decomposes in ammonia chloride, potassium iodide, ammonia solution, and precipitation of palladium.
Uses
1. Analytical Chemistry: Palladium chloride is used as an analysis reagent for the determination of trace amounts of palladium, mercury, thallium, iodine, and other elements.
2. Carbon Monoxide Detection: Palladium test strips are used to detect carbon monoxide, as they change color when exposed to the gas.
3. Gas Pipeline Crack Detection: It is used to search for cracks in buried underground gas pipelines.
4. Agricultural Plant Resource Study: Palladium chloride aids in the study of agricultural plant resources.
5. Catalyst Preparation: It is used in the preparation of palladium catalysts.
6. Electroplating: Palladium chloride is used for electroplating watch parts and other metals without the need for electrolysis.
7. Photography: It is utilized in the photography industry for toning solutions and porcelain pictures.
8. Indelible Ink: Palladium chloride is used in the manufacture of indelible ink.
9. Suzuki Reaction: It serves as a catalyst in the Suzuki reaction, an important carbon-carbon bond-forming process in organic chemistry.
Used in Automotive Industry:
Palladium and its alloys are used as catalysts in the automotive industry, particularly for catalytic converters.
Used in Electronics and Electrical Technology:
Palladium compounds are used in metallization processes (thick film paste), electrical contacts, switching systems, and the synthesis of semiconducting metal-containing polymers.
Physical Properties:
Palladium chloride forms red rhombohedral crystals and has a density of 4.0 g/cm3. It melts at 679°C and dissolves slowly in water, as well as in ethanol and acetone. It dissolves rapidly in hydrochloric acid.
Chemical Properties:
Palladium chloride is a stable chemical substance that is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acids, aluminum, ammonia, magnesium, nitrates, zinc, heat, thiocyanates, and organic solvents. Thermal decomposition may release chlorine, hydrogen chloride, and oxides of palladium.
Production Methods
The palladium powder is added to the reactor containing hydrochloric acid, with stirring, passing the air, an oxidation reaction is performed, generating palladium chloride solution, the solution is purified, filtered, concentrated by evaporation, cooling and crystallization, centrifugal separation, and dried to obtain a palladium chloride finished products.
Pd+2HCl+0.5O2→PdCl2+H2O
Preparation
Palladium dichloride is prepared by dissolving palladium metal in aqua regia or hydrochloric acid in the presence of chlorine. Alternatively, it may be prepared by heating palladium sponge with chlorine gas at 500°C.
Reactions
Palladium dichloride dissolves in HCl forming tetrachloropalladate ion,
PdCl2+2Clˉ→ [PdCl4]2ˉ
The complex ion catalyzes various types of organic reactions including oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde in aqueous solution (the Wacker Process):
PdCl42ˉ+ C2H4 + H2O → CH3CHO + Pd + 2HCl + 2Clˉ
Palladium dichloride forms polymeric carbonyl complexes when the dry chloride is heated in a stream of carbon monoxide charged with methane vapor. Such complexes include [PdCl2(CO)n] and [PdCl(CO)2]n. The reaction also occurs in aqueous phase resulting in decolorization of the solution.
When H2S is passed through palladium dichloride solution, it yields a brown-black precipitate of palladium monosulfide, PdS.
When heated with sulfur at 450 to 500°C, palladium dichloride forms palladium disulfide, PdS2, a grey-black crystalline compound, insoluble in strong acids but soluble in aqua regia, and which converts to monosulfide, PdS, on heating at 600°C.
When ammonia gas is passed through an aqueous solution of PdCl2, the product is tetrammine palladium(II) chloride, Pd(NH4)2Cl2. The same product also is obtained in dry state by passing ammonia gas over anhydrous PdCl2.
Reactivity Profile
Palladium chloride is a weak oxidizing agent. Palladium chloride is reduced in solution by hydrogen or carbon monoxide to metallic palladium. . Decomposed at high temperatures to metallic palladium and chlorine.
Fire Hazard
Flash point data for Palladium chloride are not available. Palladium chloride is probably combustible.
Safety Profile
Poison by intraperitoneat, intravenous, and intratracheal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Experimental reproductive effects. A skin irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of Cl-. See also PALLADIUM
Purification Methods
The anhydrous salt is insoluble in H2O and dissolves in HCl with difficulty. The dihydrate forms red hygroscopic crystals that are readily reduced to Pd. Dissolve it in conc HCl through which dry Cl2 is bubbled. Filter this solution which contains H2PdCl4 and H2PdCl6 and on evaporation it yields a residue of pure PdCl2. [Grube in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed Brauer) Academic Press Vol II p 1582 1965, Mozingo Org Synth Coll Vol III 685 1955.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 7647-10-1 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,6,4 and 7 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 0 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7647-10:
(6*7)+(5*6)+(4*4)+(3*7)+(2*1)+(1*0)=111
111 % 10 = 1
So 7647-10-1 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/2ClH.2H2O.Pd/h2*1H;2*1H2;/q;;;;+2/p-2
7647-10-1Relevant articles and documents
Method for preparing of L-phenylephrine hydrochloride
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, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing L-phenylephrine hydrochloride 3 on an industrial scale by asymmetric hydrogenation as the key step and a special sequence of subsequent steps, using [Rh(COD)Cl]2 as catalyst and a chiral, two-pronged phosphine ligand such as (2R,4R)-4-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-2-(diphenylphosphino-methyl)-N-methyl-aminocarbonyl-pyrrolidine as the catalyst system.
