7719-12-2 Usage
Description
Phosphorus trichloride, with the chemical formula PCl3, is a colorless, fuming, and corrosive liquid. It has a pungent odor, similar to hydrochloric acid, and is known to decompose rapidly in moist air. Phosphorus trichloride is highly reactive, particularly with water, and is classified as a strong oxidizer. It is soluble in various halogenated organic solvents such as benzene, carbon disulfide, ether, and chloroform. Phosphorus trichloride has a boiling point of 76°C (168°F) and a density of 1.574g/mL at 21°C. It is also known to cause serious skin burns and can be lethal if it enters the human body, even in small quantities.
Uses
Phosphorus trichloride is utilized in a wide range of applications across different industries due to its unique chemical properties. Some of its primary uses include:
1. Chemical Synthesis:
Phosphorus trichloride is used as a chlorinating agent and an intermediate in the production of various chemicals. It is particularly important in the synthesis of organophosphate pesticides, gasoline additives, and dyestuffs.
2. Pesticides and Surfactants:
It serves as a crucial intermediate in the production of insecticides, herbicides, and organophosphorus pesticides, as well as in the manufacturing of synthetic surfactants.
3. Gasoline Additives:
Phosphorus trichloride is used in the production of additives for the gasoline industry, contributing to the enhancement of fuel performance and efficiency.
4. Dye and Textile Industry:
It is employed in the dye industry for the production of dyes and is also utilized as a catalyst in textile finishing processes.
5. Flame Retardants and Plasticizers:
Phosphorus trichloride is used in the creation of flame retardants and plasticizers, which are essential for improving the safety and flexibility of various materials.
6. Pharmaceutical and Germicide Production:
Phosphorus trichloride is also used in the manufacturing of certain medicinal products and germicides, highlighting its versatility in different chemical applications.
7. Metal Electrodeposition on Rubber:
It plays a role in the electrodeposition of metals on rubber, which is an important process in the production of rubber-based components with enhanced properties.
8. Catalyst in Chemical Reactions:
Due to its reactivity, phosphorus trichloride is often used as a catalyst in various chemical reactions, facilitating the conversion of reactants to desired products.
Preparation
Phosphorus trichloride is prepared by reacting white phosphorus with dry chlorine present in limited quantity. Excess chlorine will yield phosphorus pentachloride, PCl5.
P4 + 6Cl2 → 4PCl3
P4 + 10Cl2 → 4PCl5
The compound is prepared in a retort attached to inlet tubes for dry chlorine and dry carbon dioxide and a distillation flask. White phosphorus is placed on sand in the retort. All air, moisture, and any phosphorus oxide vapors present in the apparatus are expelled by passing dry carbon dioxide.
Dry chlorine is then introduced into the apparatus. If a flame appears on phosphorus it indicates presence of excess chlorine. In that event, the rate of chlorine introduction should be decreased. For obtaining phosphorus trichloride, flame should appear at the end of the chlorine-entry tube. The trichloride formed is collected by condensation in the distillation flask. A soda lime tube is attached to the apparatus to prevent moisture entering the flask.
Phosphorus trichloride also can be prepared by reducing phosphorus oxychloride vapors with carbon at red heat:
POCl3 + C → PCl3 + CO
Production Methods
Phosphorus trichloride (PCl3) is made by reacting yellow
phosphorus with chlorine and is used in chemical
manufacturing. It hydrolyzes to phosphoric acid and hydrochloric
acid.
Reactivity Profile
Phosphorus trichloride is a strong reducing agent that may ignite combustible organic materials upon contact. May generate flammable and potentially explosive gaseous hydrogen upon contact with many common metals (except nickel and lead). Reactions with water are violent and produce heat and flashes of fire [AAR, 1999]. Gives intensely exothermic reactions with iodine monochloride [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:502. 1956]. Several laboratory explosions have been reported arising from mixtures with acetic acid, along with other acids, sulfuric acid and derivatives, carboxylic acids, etc. These have been ascribed to poor heat control allowing the formation of phosphine [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60:488. 1938]. Ignites when mixed with hydroxylamine [Mellor 8:290. 1946-47]. Causes an explosion on contact with nitric acid [Comp. Rend. 28:86]. Phosphorus trichloride is incompatible with many common oxidants such as: sodium peroxide, fluorine, chromyl chloride, iodine chloride, to name a few. Isopropanol can react with PCl3, forming toxic HCl gas. (Logsdon, John E., Richard A. Loke., "Isopropyl Alcohol." Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1996.)
Hazard
Phosphorus trichloride is highly corrosive. Its vapors are an irritant to mucous membranes. Chronic exposure to its vapors can cause bronchitis. It reacts violently with water and explodes in contact with acetic and nitric acids, and several other substances (Patnaik. P. 1999. A Comprehensive Guide to the Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances, 2nd. Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons).
Health Hazard
Phosphorus trichloride is highly toxic; it may cause death or permanent injury. Contact is highly irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, and the material is an irritant through oral and inhalation exposure.
Fire Hazard
Phosphorus trichloride will react violently with water, producing heat and toxic and corrosive fumes. When heated to decomposition, Phosphorus trichloride emits highly toxic fumes of chlorides and phosphorus oxides. Phosphorus trichloride may ignite other combustible materials. Reacts violently with water. Reacts explosively with acetic acid, aluminum, chromyl chloride, diallylphosphite and allyl alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide, fluorine, hydroxylamine, iodine monochloride, lead dioxide, nitric acid, nitrous acid, organic matter, potassium, and sodium. Avoid contact with water, steam, or acids. Hazardous polymerization may not occur.
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion and
inhalation. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes
(at 2 ppm), and mucous membranes.
Potentially explosive reaction with
chlorobenzene + sodtum, hethyl
sulfoxide, molten sodmm, chromyl chloride,
nitric acid, sodium peroxide, oxygen (above
100℃), tetravinyl lead. Reacts with
carboxylic acids (e.g., acetic acid) to form
violently unstable products. Violent reaction
or ignition with Al, chromium pentafluoride,
dtallyl phosphite + allyl alcohol, F2,
hexa fluoroisoprop ylideneaminolithium,
hydroxylamine, iodine chloride, PbO2,
HNO2, organic matter, potassium, selenium
dioxide, sulfur acids (e.g., sulfuric acid,
fluorosulfuric acid, oleum). Violent reaction
with water evolves hydrogen chloride and
diphosphane gas, that then ignite.
Incompatible with metals or oxidants. Wdl
react with water, steam, or acids to produce
heat and toxic and corrosive fumes; can
react with oxidzing materials. To fight fire,
use CO2, dry chemical. Used as a
chlorinating agent, catalyst, and chemical
intermedtate. Dangerous; when heated to
decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of
Cland POx.
Shipping
UN1809 Phosphorous trichloride, Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, 8-Corrosive material, Inhalation Zone B.
Purification Methods
Heat it under reflux to expel dissolved HCl, then distil it. It has been further purified by vacuum fractionation several times through a -45o trap into a receiver at -78o. [Forbes Inorg Synth II 145 1946.] HARMFUL VAPOURS.
Incompatibilities
Phosphorus trichloride is a strong reducing Violent reaction with water, producing heat and hydrochloric and phosphorous acids. Violent reaction with hydrides, alcohols, phenols and bases; water, when in contact with combustible organics; chemically active metals: sodium, potassium, aluminum; strong sulfuric or nitric acid. Attacks most metals except nickel and lead; may generate flammable hydrogen gas on contact with metals. Attacks plastics, rubber, and coatings.
Waste Disposal
Decompose with water, forming phosphoric and hydrochloric acids. The acids may then be neutralized and diluted slowly to solution of soda ash and slaked lime with stirring, then flush to sewer with large volumes of water.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 7719-12-2 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,7,1 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7719-12:
(6*7)+(5*7)+(4*1)+(3*9)+(2*1)+(1*2)=112
112 % 10 = 2
So 7719-12-2 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/3ClH.P/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3
7719-12-2Relevant articles and documents
First experimental evidence for the elusive tetrahedral cations [EP3]+ (E = S, Se, Te) in the condensed phase
Weis, Philippe,R?hner, David Christopher,Prediger, Richard,Butschke, Burkhard,Scherer, Harald,Weber, Stefan,Krossing, Ingo
, p. 10779 - 10788 (2019/12/03)
Condensed phase access to the unprecedented tetrahedral cations [EP3]+ (E = S, Se, Te) was achieved through the reaction of ECl3[WCA] with white phosphorus ([WCA]- = [Al(ORF)4]- and [F(Al(ORF)3)2]-; -RF = -C(CF3)3). Previously, [EP3]+ was only known from gas phase MS investigations. By contrast, the reaction of ECl3[A] with the known P33- synthon Na[Nb(ODipp)3(P3)] (enabling AsP3 synthesis), led to formation of P4. The cations [EP3]+ were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy in combination with high-level quantum chemical calculations. Their bonding situation is described with several approaches including Atoms in Molecules and Natural Bond Orbital analysis. The first series of well-soluble salts ECl3[WCA] was synthesized and fully characterized as starting materials for the studies on this elusive class of [EP3]+ cations. Yet, with high [ECl3]+ fluoride ion affinity values between 775 (S), 803 (Se) and 844 (Te) kJ mol-1, well exceeding typical phosphenium ions, these well-soluble ECl3[WCA] salts could be relevant in view of the renewed interest in strong (also cationic) Lewis acids.
Silicate compounds for DNA purification
-
, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to a silicon-containing material which exhibits sufficient hydrophilicity and sufficient electropositivity to bind DNA from a suspension containing DNA and permit elution of the DNA from the material. Generally, the hydrophilic and electropositive characteristics are expressed at the surface of the silicon-containing material. Preferred silicon-containing materials of the present invention include boron silicate, aluminum silicate, phosphosilicate, silica carbonyl, silica sulfonyl and silica phosphonyl. The silicon-containing materials of the present invention are particularly useful in processes for purification of DNA from other cellular components. In these processes, a suspension of cellular components is placed in contact with the silicon-containing material, the silicon-containing material is washed to remove all cellular components other than DNA which are bound to the material, and the bound DNA is eluted from the material. Several of the silicon-containing materials are capable of binding and eluting DNA using only water.
Process for obtaining bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) halophosphites
-
, (2008/06/13)
The invention relates to a process for obtaining phosphorus acid-bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) ester halides in which a phosphorus acid-2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl ester dihalide is heated in the presence of a catalyst containing nitrogen or phosphorus, or both, to 130° C. to 280° C. and the phosphorus trihalide produced by disproportionation is removed from the reaction mixture.
