7778-54-3 Usage
Chemical Description
Calcium hypochlorite is a white solid that is commonly used as a swimming pool disinfectant.
Description
Calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2) is an inorganic compound that appears as a white granular solid or tablets compressed from the granules, with a chlorine odor. It is relatively stable, non-combustible, and accelerates the burning of combustible materials. Calcium hypochlorite is soluble in water and alcohol, decomposing when heated to 100°C. It is used for various applications, including water purification, disinfection, bleaching, and as an oxidizing agent in organic chemistry.
Uses
1. Used in Water Treatment Industry:
Calcium hypochlorite is used as a disinfectant for sanitizing swimming pools, drinking water, and sanitizing fishponds. It is also used for disinfection and sterilization of surfaces and equipment in kitchens and bathrooms.
2. Used in Textile and Pulp Industry:
Calcium hypochlorite is used as a bleaching agent for cotton, hemp, fiber, pulp, and starch.
3. Used in Organic Chemistry:
Calcium hypochlorite is used as an oxidizing agent in the cleavage of glycols, α-hydroxy carboxylic acids, and keto acids to yield fragmented aldehydes or carboxylic acids, respectively. It is also involved in the haloform reaction to prepare chloroform.
4. Used in Household Sanitation:
Calcium hypochlorite is used in bathroom cleaners and laundry detergents, as well as a deodorant.
5. Used in Industrial Wastewater Treatment:
Calcium hypochlorite is used in industrial wastewater treatment and sanitation and cleaning.
6. Used in Fire Extinguishing:
Calcium hypochlorite has been proposed as a solid fire extinguisher due to its oxidizing properties.
7. Used in Agriculture:
Calcium hypochlorite is used as a decontaminant for mustard gas and similar substances, as well as for destroying caterpillars.
8. Used in Printing Industry:
Calcium hypochlorite is used as an oxidizer in calico printing to obtain white designs on a colored ground.
References
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/24504#section=Top
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_hypochlorite
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mmg/mmg.asp?id=927&tid=192
Preparation
Calcium hypochlorite is manufactured by two main processes, the socalled
“calcium process” and the “sodium process”.
These are essentially the same as described for the
Mg(ClO)2 salt method given above except that a sodium
hypochlorite salt is used in one case and a calcium chloride
salt in the other. The products are nearly the same. Calcium hypochlorite
is manufactured by the calcium process:
2Ca(OH)2+2Cl2→Ca(ClO)2+CaCl2+2H2O
In another method developed for the manufacture of
Ca(ClO)2, chlorine gas is reacted with calcium
hydroxide:
Ca(OH)2+ 2Cl2→Ca(ClO)2+ 2HCl
In this method, it is claimed that the excess HCl is
neutralized by excess Ca(OH)2 to form CaCl2. The
product is said to be more “neutral” chemically and
more stable than that produced by other methods.
Reactions
As strong oxidant, calcium
hypochlorite may react with vigor in combination with
carbon compounds, and combination with finely
divided carbon particles forms an explosive mixture.
Reaction with acetylene leads to creation of explosive
chloroacetylenes. Contact with organic matter, oil,
hydrocarbons and alcohols such as methanol or ethanol may cause a violent explosion. Reaction with
nitromethane causes a delayed violent reaction.
Organic sulfur compounds such as sulfides react by
self-ignition and explosion. Iron oxide in metal
containers catalyze oxygen-evolving decomposition of
the oxidant.
Reactivity Profile
CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE is a powerful oxidizing agent, particularly in the presence of water or at higher temperature as Calcium hypochlorite decomposes to release oxygen and chlorine gases. As strong oxidant Calcium hypochlorite may react with vigor in combination with carbon, especially finely divided is explosive; acetylene, leads to creation of explosive chloroacetylenes; organic matter, oil, hydrocarbons; alcohols may cause explosion, methanol, ethanol, etc.; nitromethane caused delayed violent reaction; organic sulfur compounds, sulfides tend toward ignition and sometimes explosion; with iron oxide in metal containers catalyze oxygen evolving decomposition of the oxidant. Calcium hypochlorite forms highly explosive NCl3 on contact with urea. Produces highly toxic gaseous chlorine gas when heated or on contact with acids [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1905]. Mixture of damp sulfur with hypochlorite caused a violent reaction, that ejected molten sulfur, Chem Eng. News, 1965, 46(29), 6.
Health Hazard
Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Fire Hazard
These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
Shipping
UN1748 Calcium hypochlorite, dry or Calcium
hypochlorite mixtures dry with .39% available chlorine
(8.8% available oxygen), Hazard Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-
Oxidizer. UN2208 Calcium hypochlorite mixtures, dry,
with .10% but not .39% available chlorine, Hazard
Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer. UN2880 Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated or Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated mixtures, with not ,5.5% but not .16% water, Hazard Class:
5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer
Incompatibilities
A powerful oxidizer. Decomposes in
heat or sunlight; becomes explosive above 100C/212F.
Incompatible with strong acids; water and other forms of
moisture, reducing agents; combustible materials; all other
chemicals, especially acetylene, aniline and all other
amines, anthracene, carbon tetrachloride, iron oxide, manganese oxide, mercaptans, diethylene glycol monomethyl
ether, nitromethane, organic matter; organic sulfides, phenol, 1-propanethiol, propyl mercaptan, sulfur, turpentine,
organic sulfur compounds. Attacks various metals, releasing flammable hydrogen gas.
Waste Disposal
Dissolve the material in water
and add to a large volume of concentrated reducing agent
solution, then acidify the mixture with H2SO4. When reduction is complete, soda ash is added to make the solution
alkaline. The alkaline liquid is decanted from any sludge
produced, neutralized, and diluted before discharge to a
sewer or stream. The sludge is landfilled
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 7778-54-3 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,7,7 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 4 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7778-54:
(6*7)+(5*7)+(4*7)+(3*8)+(2*5)+(1*4)=143
143 % 10 = 3
So 7778-54-3 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/Ca.ClO/c;1-2/q+2;-1