79607-22-0Relevant articles and documents
Conjugate Addition Routes to 2-Alkyl-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-ones and 2-Alkyl-4-hydroxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylates
Kingsbury, Alex,Brough, Steve,McCarthy, Antonio Pedrina,Lewis, William,Woodward, Simon
supporting information, p. 1011 - 1017 (2019/12/27)
Under CuBr·SMe2/PPh3 catalysis (5/10 mol-%) RMgCl (R = Me, Et, nPr, CH=CH2, nBu, iBu, nC5H11, cC6H11, Bn, CH2Bn, nC11H23) readily (–78 °C) undergo 1,4-addition to Cbz or Boc protected quinolin-4(1H)-ones to provide 2-alkyl-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-ones (14 examples, 54–99 % yield). Asymmetric versions require AlEt3 to Boc-protected ethyl 6-substituted 4(1H)-quinolone-3-carboxylates (6-R group = all halogens, n/i/t-alkyls, CF3) and provide 61–91 % yield, 30–86 % ee; any halogen, Me, or CF3 provide the highest stereoselectivities (76–86 % ee). Additions of AlMe3 or Al(nC8H17)3 provide ≈ 45 and ≈ 75 % ee on addition to the parent (6-R = H). Ligand (S)-(BINOL)P–N(CHPh2)(cC6H11) provides the highest ee values engendering addition to the Si face of the 4(1H)-quinolone-3-carboxylate. Allylation and deprotection of a representative 1,4-addition product example confirm the facial selectivity (X-ray crystallography).
Design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies of novel 4-oxoquinoline ribonucleoside derivatives as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Forezi, Luana da S.M.,Ribeiro, Mariana M.J.,Marttorelli, Andressa,Abrantes, Juliana L.,Rodrigues, Carlos R.,Castro, Helena Carla,Souza, Thiago Moreno L.,Boechat, Fernanda da C.S.,de Souza, Alessandra M.T.,de Souza, Maria Cecília B.V.
, (2020/04/02)
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a public health problem that affects over 38 million people worldwide. Although there are highly active antiretroviral therapies, emergence of antiviral resistant strains is a problem which leads to almost a million death annually. Thus, the development of new drugs is necessary. The viral enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT) represents a validated therapeutic target. Because the oxoquinolinic scaffold has substantial biological activities, including antiretroviral, a new series of 4-oxoquinoline ribonucleoside derivatives obtained by molecular hybridization were studied here. All synthesized compounds were tested against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT), and 9a and 9d displayed the highest antiviral activities, with IC50 values of 1.4 and 1.6 μM, respectively. These compounds were less cytotoxic than AZT and showed CC50 values of 1486 and 1394 μM, respectively. Molecular docking studies showed that the most active compounds bound to the allosteric site of the enzyme, suggesting a low susceptibility to the development of antiviral resistance. In silico pharmacokinetic and toxicological evaluations reinforced the potential of the active compounds as anti-HIV candidates for further exploration. Overall, this work showed that compounds 9a and 9d are promising scaffold for future anti-HIV-1 RT drug design.
GABAa receptor ligands often interact with binding sites in the transmembrane domain and in the extracellular domain—can the promiscuity code be cracked?
Ernst, Margot,Iorio, Maria Teresa,Koniuszewski, Filip,Mihovilovic, Marko D.,Rehman, Sabah,Schnürch, Michael,Scholze, Petra,Simeone, Xenia,Vogel, Florian Daniel
, (2020/02/13)
Many allosteric binding sites that modulate gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) effects have been described in heteropentameric GABA type A (GABAA) receptors, among them sites for benzodiazepines, pyrazoloquinolinones and etomidate. Diazepam not only binds at the high affinity extracellular “canonical” site, but also at sites in the transmembrane domain. Many ligands of the benzodiazepine binding site interact also with homologous sites in the extracellular domain, among them the pyrazoloquinolinones that exert modulation at extracellular α+/β? sites. Additional interaction of this chemotype with the sites for etomidate has also been described. We have recently described a new indole‐based scaffold with pharmacophore features highly similar to pyrazoloquinolinones as a novel class of GABAA receptor modulators. Contrary to what the pharmacophore overlap suggests, the ligand presented here behaves very differently from the identically substituted pyrazoloquinolinone. Structural evidence demonstrates that small changes in pharmacophore features can induce radical changes in ligand binding properties. Analysis of published data reveals that many chemotypes display a strong tendency to interact promiscuously with binding sites in the transmembrane domain and others in the extracellular domain of the same receptor. Further structural investigations of this phenomenon should enable a more targeted path to less promiscuous ligands, potentially reducing side effect liabilities.
