86911-10-6Relevant articles and documents
General C(sp2)-C(sp3) Cross-Electrophile Coupling Reactions Enabled by Overcharge Protection of Homogeneous Electrocatalysts
Hamby, Taylor B.,Sevov, Christo S.,Truesdell, Blaise L.
supporting information, p. 5884 - 5893 (2020/04/10)
Cross-electrophile coupling (XEC) of alkyl and aryl halides promoted by electrochemistry represents an attractive alternative to conventional methods that require stoichiometric quantities of high-energy reductants. Most importantly, electroreduction can readily exceed the reducing potentials of chemical reductants to activate catalysts with improved reactivities and selectivities over conventional systems. This work details the mechanistically-driven development of an electrochemical methodology for XEC that utilizes redox-active shuttles developed by the energy-storage community to protect reactive coupling catalysts from overreduction. The resulting electrocatalytic system is practical, scalable, and broadly applicable to the reductive coupling of a wide range of aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl bromides with primary or secondary alkyl bromides. The impact of overcharge protection as a strategy for electrosynthetic methodologies is underscored by the dramatic differences in yields from coupling reactions with added redox shuttles (generally >80%) and those without (generally 20%). In addition to excellent yields for a wide range of substrates, reactions protected from overreduction can be performed at high currents and on multigram scales.
Ni-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling of nonactivated alkyl halides: Orthogonal functionalization of alkyl iodides, bromides, and chlorides
Vechorkin, Oleg,Barmaz, Delphine,Proust, Valerie,Hu, Xile
scheme or table, p. 12078 - 12079 (2010/01/15)
(Chemical Equation Presented) Ni-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling of nonactivated, β-H-containing alkyl halides, including chlorides, is reported. The coupling is tolerant to a wide range of functional groups, including ether, ester, amide, nitrile, keto, h
