9000-69-5 Usage
Description
Pectin is a complex polysaccharide and a type of natural hydrocolloid that is primarily derived from the cell walls and intercellular layers of plants, particularly from fruits like apples and citrus peels. It is composed of a linear chain of polygalacturonic acid that can be methylated to varying degrees, resulting in different types of pectin with distinct properties and functionalities. Pectin is known for its gelling, thickening, and stabilizing properties, which make it valuable in various industries.
Used in Food Industry:
Pectin is used as a gelling agent for the preparation of jellies and similar food products, providing the desired texture and consistency. Its ability to form gels under specific conditions allows it to act as a natural thickening and stabilizing agent, enhancing the quality and mouthfeel of various food products.
Used in Cosmetic Industry:
Pectin is used as a thickening agent in cosmetic preparations due to its gelling properties. It offers soothing and mildly acidic characteristics, making it suitable for use in formulations that require viscosity adjustment and texture enhancement. Its natural origin and derived from apples or the inner portion of citrus fruit rind also contribute to its appeal in the cosmetic industry.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Pectin, particularly in its low methoxy (LM) forms, has been explored for its potential applications in drug delivery systems. The ability of pectin to form gels can be utilized to control the release of active pharmaceutical ingredients, improving the bioavailability and efficacy of drugs.
Used in Chemical Classification:
Pectin is divided into two main groups based on the degree of methylation (DM) or esterification (DE): high methoxy (HM) pectin with 50% or greater esterification, and low methoxy (LM) pectin with less than 50% esterification. These pectins gel under different conditions, with LM pectins further subdivided into low methoxy amidated pectin and low methoxy conventional pectin.
Used in Pectinic Acid Preparation:
Pectinic acid is a broad group of pectic substances that contain a significant proportion of methyl ester groups, with all the unesterified carboxyl groups being free. The divalent salts of pectinic acid are slightly soluble in water and require conversion to the sodium or potassium form for dissolution, which can be useful in various applications where soluble pectin derivatives are needed.
Production Methods
Pectin is obtained from the diluted acid extract from the inner
portion of the rind of citrus fruits or from apple pomace.
World Health Organization (WHO)
Pectin is a purified carbohydrate product isolated from the rinds
of citrus fruits or green apples. Its major constituent is polygalacteronic acid, and it
is almost completely digested and absorbed in the intestine. Pectin became
popular as a simple remedy for diarrhoea in the early 1900s. It does not affect the
frequency of stool or stool weight. Use of such products diverts attention away
from more important aspects of treatment, such as rehydration, proper nutrition
and in the case of cholera and dysentery, appropriate antibiotics.
Pharmaceutical Applications
present in multi-ingredient preparations for the management of
diarrhea, constipation, and obesity;it has also been used as an
emulsion stabilizer.
Experimentally, pectin has been used in gel formulations for the
oral sustained delivery of ambroxol.Pectin gel beads have been
shown to be an effective medium for controlling the release of a
drug within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.It has also been used in
a colon-biodegradable pectin matrix with a pH-sensitive polymeric
coating, which retards the onset of drug release, overcoming the problems of pectin solubility in the upper GI tract.Amidated
pectin matrix patches have been investigated for the transdermal
delivery of chloroquine,and gelling pectin formulations for the
oral sustained delivery of paracetamol have been investigated in
situ.Pectin-based matrices with varying degrees of esterification
have been evaluated as oral controlled-release tablets. Lowmethoxy
pectins were shown to have a release rate more sensitive
to the calcium content of the formulation.Pectins have been used
as a component in the preparation of mixed polymer microsphere
systems with the intention of producing controlled drug release.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Pectin, a heterosaccharide component of terrestrial plant cell walls, is used as a substrate to identify, differentiate and characterized pectinase(s). Pectin is used to study its degradation by pectinolytic bacteria.
Safety Profile
Low toxicity by subcutaneous route. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Safety
Pectin is used in oral pharmaceutical formulations and food
products, and is generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic and
nonirritant material.
Low toxicity by the subcutaneous route has been reported.
LD50 (mouse, SC): 6.4 g/kg
storage
Pectin is a nonreactive and stable material; it should be stored in a
cool, dry place.
Purification Methods
Dissolve the pectin in hot water to give a 1% solution, then cool, and make it to about 0.05M in HCl by addition of conc HCl, and precipitate it by pouring it slowly, with vigorous stirring into two volumes of 95% EtOH. After standing for several hours, the pectin is filtered through a nylon cloth, then redispersed in 95% EtOH and stood overnight. The precipitate is filtered off, washed with EtOH/Et2O, then Et2O and dried in air. [Rees & Walsh Angew Chem, Int Edn 16 214 1977, Rees Adv Carbohydr Chem 24 267 1969.]
Regulatory Status
GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe.
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (dental paste;
oral powders; topical pastes). Included in the Canadian List of
Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. Included in nonparenteral
medicines licensed in the UK.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 9000-69-5 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 9,0,0 and 0 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 6 and 9 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 9000-69:
(6*9)+(5*0)+(4*0)+(3*0)+(2*6)+(1*9)=75
75 % 10 = 5
So 9000-69-5 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C5H10O5/c6-1-3(8)5(10)4(9)2-7/h1,3-5,7-10H,2H2
9000-69-5Relevant articles and documents
Isogenic strain line of bacterium for producing polyhydroxyalkanoate in which polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene is disrupted and method for producing polyhydroxyalkanoate using the same
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, (2009/05/29)
A host-vector system which is equipped with a substrate supply system enzyme for polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase and which is suitable for evolutionary engineering modification of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase. An isogenic strain line is produced by disrupting a polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene of a bacterium for producing polyhydroxyalkanoate.
