Aluminum hydroxide

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

ACGIH TLV: TWA 2 mg(Al)/m³
DFG MAK: 1.5 mg/m³

Aluminium Trihydrate are also known as Hydrate Alumina, Alumina Hydrate, Aluminium Tri Hydroxide, ATH, Aluminium Hydrate and Aluminium Hydroxide, which is a non-abrasive powder with a Mohs' hardness index of 2.5 - 3.5 and a specific gravity of 2.42. Aluminium Hydroxide is considered as one of the largest volume flame retardant as it can be heated to 200°C and hydrated alumina can be decomposed into 66% alumina and 34% water. Aluminium hydroxide is also used as an adsorbent, emulsifier, ion exchanger, mordant, antacid, and filtering medium. Further, Aluminium Hydroxide can also be used in manufacturing of paper, ceramics, printing inks, detergents, for waterproofing fabrics and in dentrifrices and antiperspirants.

Physical properties about Aluminium Trihydrate are: (1)H bond acceptors: 3; (2)H bond donors: 3; (3)Freely Rotating Bonds: 3; (4)Polar Surface Area: 60.69 ?2; (5)Melting Point: 300°C; (6)Density: 2.40;

Preparation of Aluminium Trihydrate: Virtually all the aluminium hydroxide used commercially is manufactured by the Bayer process which involves dissolving bauxite in sodium hydroxide at temperatures up to 270°C. The remaining solids, which is a red mud, is separated and aluminium oxide is precipitated from the remaining solution. This red mud is damaging to the environment and highly toxic. It is usually stored in large artificial lakes, this is what led to the Ajka alumina plant accident in 2010 in Hungary, killing nine people and injuring 122. The dam holding back the red mud burst allowing it to contaminate large areas of land and waterways. The aluminium oxide that is produced can be converted to aluminium hydroxide through reaction with water.

Uses of Aluminium Trihydrate: Annual production is some 100 million tonnes, over 90% of which is converted to aluminium oxide (alumina) that is used in the manufacture of aluminium metal. The major other uses of aluminium hydroxide is as a feedstock for the manufacture of other aluminium compounds: specialty calcined aluminas, aluminium sulfate, polyaluminium chloride, aluminium chloride, zeolites, sodium aluminate, activated alumina, aluminium nitrate.

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
1.In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice;
2.Take off immediately all contaminated clothing;
3.After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of ... (to be specified by the manufacturer);
4.Do not empty into drains;
5.Never add water to this product;
6.Take precautionary measures against static discharges;
7.This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way;
8.Wear suitable protective clothing;

You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
(1)InChI=1S/Al.3H2O/h;3*1H2/q+3;;;/p-3;
(2)InChIKey=WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K;
(3)Smiles[Al](O)(O)O;

The toxicity data is as follows: