10138-02-0Relevant articles and documents
Surfactant cocamide monoethanolamide causes eye irritation by activating nociceptor TRPV1 channels
Zhao, Fang,Wang, Shuangyan,Li, Yan,Wang, Jin,Wang, Yujing,Zhang, Chunlei,Li, Yong,Huang, Longjiang,Yu, Ye,Zheng, Jie,Yu, Boyang,Pessah, Isaac N.,Cao, Zhengyu
, p. 3448 - 3462 (2021)
Background and Purpose: Cocamide monoethanolamide (CMEA) is commonly used as a surfactant-foam booster in cosmetic formulations. Upon contact with the eye or other sensitive skin areas, CMEA elicits stinging and lasting irritation. We hypothesized a specific molecular interaction with TRPV1 channels by which CMEA caused eye irritation. Experimental Approach: Eye irritancy was evaluated using eye-wiping tests in rabbits and mice. Intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and action potentials were measured using Ca2+ imaging and current clamp respectively. Voltage clamp, site-direct mutagenesis and molecular modelling were used to identify binding pockets for CMEA on TRPV1 channels. Key Results: CMEA-induced eye irritation is ameliorated by selective ablation of TRPV1 channels.Rodents exhibit much stronger responses to CMEA than rabbits. In trigeminal ganglion neurons, CMEA induced Ca2+ influx and neuronal excitability, effects mitigated by a TRPV1 channel inhibition and absent in TRPV1 knockout neurons. In HEK-293 cells expressing TRPV1 channels, CMEA increased whole-cell currents by increasing channel open probability (EC50 = 10.2?μM), without affecting TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, and TRPA1 channel activities. Lauric acid monoethanolamide (LAMEA), the most abundant constituent of CMEA, was the most efficacious and potent TRPV1 channel activator, binding to the capsaicin-binding pocket of the channel. The T550I mutants of rabbit and human TRPV1 channels exhibit much lower sensitivity to LAMEA. Conclusions and Implication: CMEA directly activates TRPV1 channels to produce eye irritation. Rabbits, the standard animal used for eye irritancy tests are poor models for evaluating human eye irritants structurally related to CMEA. Our study identifies potential alternatives to CMEA as non-irritating surfactants.
Low molecular organic compound as well as preparation method and application thereof
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Paragraph 0042-0043; 0051; 0055, (2018/04/02)
The invention discloses a low molecular organic compound. The chemical name of the compound is 3-formylphenyl-4-((2-lauramide ethyl) amino)-4-oxobutanoate; the chemical formula of the compound is C25H38N2O5; and the compound is prepared by the following steps: performing a reaction on lauryl chloride and ethanediamine, performing a reaction on a reaction product and succinic anhydride, so as to prepare an intermediate, and finally, performing a reaction on the intermediate and hydroxybenzaldehyde. According to the low molecular organic compound disclosed by the invention, stable organogel canbe formed in an organic solvent containing alkyl primary amines compounds; the low molecular organic compound can be taken as a detection reagent of the alkyl primary amines compounds and is used forqualitatively detecting whether the alkyl primary amines compounds are contained or not in solution or industrial effluent.
ANIONIC-CATIONIC-NONIONIC SURFACTANT,PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF
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Paragraph 0273; 0278, (2017/11/16)
This invention relates to an anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant as substantially represented by the formula (I), production and use thereof in tertiary oil recovery. The anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant of this invention exhibits significantly improved interfacial activity and stability as compared with the prior art. With the present anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant, a flooding fluid composition for tertiary oil recovery with improved oil displacement efficiency and oil washing capability as compared with the prior art could be produced. In the formula (I), each group is as defined in the specification.