10210-68-1 Usage
Description
Cobalt carbonyl, also known as dicobalt octacarbonyl, is a versatile reagent and catalyst in organometallic chemistry and organic synthesis. It is a red-orange to dark red crystalline solid that is pyrophoric, meaning it can spontaneously ignite in air. Cobalt carbonyl has a density of 1.78 g/cm3, melts at 51°C, and decomposes above this temperature. It is insoluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents, including alcohol, ether, and carbon disulfide.
Uses
Used in Organic Synthesis:
Cobalt carbonyl is used as a catalyst in various organic conversion reactions, including hydrogenation, isomerization, hydroformylation, polymerization, and carbonylation. Its catalytic applications extend to the hydroformylation of unsaturated compounds, homogeneous hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons, hydrosilation of alkenes, and reactions of disulfides such as carbonylation to thio-esters and desulfurization to sulfides.
Used in Hydroformylation (Oxo Reaction):
Cobalt carbonyl [Co2(CO)8] is commonly used as a catalyst in the hydroformylation (oxo reaction) of alkenes, where it helps convert alkenes into aldehydes. Along with pyridine, it can be used as a catalyst in the carboxylation of alkenes into corresponding acids and esters.
Used in Nanocrystal Preparation:
Cobalt carbonyl serves as a key precursor in the preparation of cobalt platinum (CoPt3), cobalt sulfide (Co3S4), and cobalt selenide (CoSe2) nanocrystals, which have potential applications in various fields such as catalysis and electronics.
Used in Pauson-Khand Cyclizations and Nicholas Reaction:
Cobalt carbonyl is also used as a reagent in Pauson-Khand cyclizations and Nicholas reactions, which are important processes in organic synthesis for the formation of complex molecular structures.
Used in the Oxo Process:
Cobalt octacarbonyl is used as a catalyst in the Oxo process, which is an industrial method for producing alcohols from alkenes and carbon monoxide.
Used in Hydrogenation, Isomerization, and Hydrosilation Reactions:
Cobalt carbonyl is also used as a catalyst for hydrogenation, isomerization, and hydrosilation reactions, contributing to the synthesis of various organic compounds.
Used in the Production of Pure Cobalt Metal and Purified Salts:
Cobalt carbonyl is a source for producing pure cobalt metal and its purified salts, which are essential for various industrial applications.
Reaction
Reagent for the Pauson-Khand conversion of an olefin, an alkyne and carbon monoxide into a cyclopentenone.
Precatalyst in combination with triphenylphosphite for the cataytic Pauson-Khand reaction.
Catalyzes the rearrangement of 1-alkynylcyclopropanols to cyclopentenones.
Catalyzes the conversion of aziridines to β-lactams.
Catalyzes the conversion of diallylanilines and aryliminies to quinolines.
Reagent for the selective cleavage of benzyl ethers.
Domino Nicholas and Pauson-Khand process induced by nitroarene reduction.
Sources
Adkins, Homer., and G. Krsek. JACS 71.9(1949):3051-3055.
Feder, Harold M., and J. Halpern. Cheminform 7.7(1976):no-no.
Seitz, Friedrich, and M. S. Wrighton. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 27.2(1988):289-291.
Antebi, Shlomo, and H. Alper. Tetrahedron Letters 16.38(1985):no-no.
Krafft, Marie E., L. V. R. Bo?aga, and C. Hirosawa. Cheminform 32.37(2001):no-no.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicobalt_octacarbonyl
Preparation
Cobalt octacarbonyl is prepared by the reaction of finely divided cobalt with carbon monoxide under pressure:
2Co + 8CO → Co2(CO)8
The compound may be prepared in a similar way from cobalt(II) iodide. Also, it may be prepared by thermal decomposition of cobalt carbonyl hydride:
2HCo(CO)4 → Co2(CO)8 + H2
Hazard
Toxic by ingestion and inhalation.
Health Hazard
Dicobalt octacarbonyl exhibits moderate toxicityby inhalation route and somewhatlower toxicity by intraperitoneal and oralroutes. However, it is much less toxicthan nickel tetracarbonyl or iron pentacarbonyl.A 2-hour LC50 value in mice isreported as 27 mg/m3 (Lewis 1996). Anoral LD50 value in rats is within the rangeof 750–800 mg/kg. It decomposes, evolvingtoxic carbon monoxide.
Safety Profile
Poison by inhalation
and intraperitoneal routes. Questionable
carcinogen. Decomposes in air to form a
product that ignites spontaneously in air.
"hen heated to decomposition it emits
acrid smoke and fumes. See also
CARBONYLS and COBALT
COMPOUNDS.
Potential Exposure
This material is used as a catalyst for a number of reactions. It is also used in antiknock gasoline and for high-purity cobalt salts.
Shipping
UN3124 Toxic solids, self-heating, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; 6.1-Poisonous materials, 4.2-Spontaneously combustible material. Technical Name Required. UN3190 Self-heating solid, inorganic, Hazard Class: 4.2; Labels: 4.2-Spontaneously combustible material, Technical Name Required. UN1325 Flammable solid, organic, n.o.s. Hazard Class: 4.1; Labels: 4.1-Flammable solid
Purification Methods
It forms orange-brown crystals on recrystallisation from n-hexane under a carbon monoxide atmosphere [Ojima et al. J Am Chem Soc 109 7714 1987; see also Hileman in Preparative Inorganic Reactions, Ed. Jolly, Vol 1 p 101 1987].
Incompatibilities
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Decomposes on exposure to air or heat (@ ~52°C) producing toxic fumes of cobalt and oxides of carbon
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 10210-68-1 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 1,0,2,1 and 0 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 6 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 10210-68:
(7*1)+(6*0)+(5*2)+(4*1)+(3*0)+(2*6)+(1*8)=41
41 % 10 = 1
So 10210-68-1 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/8CO.2Co/c8*1-2;;/q8*-1;2*+2/rC8Co2O8/c11-1-9(2-12,3-13,4-14)10(5-15,6-16,7-17)8-18/q-4