1053733-51-9Relevant articles and documents
Improved P1/P1' substituents for cyclic urea based HIV-1 protease inhibitors: Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and X-ray crystal structure analysis
Nugiel, David A.,Jacobs, Kim,Cornelius, Lyndon,Chang, Chong-Hwan,Jadhav, Prabhakar K.,Holler, Edward R.,Klabe, Ronald M.,Bacheler, Lee T.,Cordova, Beverly,Garber, Sena,Reid, Carol,Logue, Kelly A.,Gorey-Feret, Lorraine J.,Lam, Gilbert N.,Erickson-Viitanen, Susan,Seitz, Steven P.
, p. 1465 - 1474 (2007/10/03)
We present several novel P1/P1' substituents that can replace the characteristic benzyl P1/P1' moiety of the cyclic urea based HIV protease inhibitor series. These substituents typically provide 5-10-fold improvements in binding affinity compared to the unsubstituted benzyl analogs. The best substituent was the 3,4-(ethylenedioxy)benzyl group. Proper balancing of the molecule's lipophilicity facilitated the transfer of this improved binding affinity into a superior cellular antiviral activity profile. Several analogs were evaluated further for protein binding and resistance liabilities. Compound 18 (IC90 = 8.7 nM) was chosen for oral bioavailability studies based on its log P and solubility profile. A 10 mg/kg dose in dogs provided modest bioavailability with C(max) = 0.22 μg/mL. X-ray crystallographic analysis of two analogs revealed several interesting features responsible for the 3,4-(ethylenedioxy)benzyl-substituted analog's potency: (1) Comparing the two complexes revealed two distinct binding modes for each P1/P1' substituent; (2) The ethylenedioxy moieties are within 3.6 A? of Pro 81 providing additional van der Waals contacts missing from the parent structure; (3) The enzyme's Arg 8 side chain moves away from the P1 substituent to accommodate the increased steric volume while maintaining a favorable hydrogen bond distance between the para oxygen substituent and the guanidine NH.