Xi:Irritant;
106-29-6Relevant articles and documents
Covalently immobilized lipase catalyzing high-yielding optimized geranyl butyrate synthesis in a batch and fluidized bed reactor
Damnjanovic, Jasmina J.,Zuza, Milena G.,Savanovic, Jova K.,Bezbradica, Dejan I.,Mijin, Dusan Z.,Boskovic-Vragolovic, Nevenka,Knezevic-Jugovic, Zorica D.
, p. 50 - 59 (2012)
Three commercially available polymers (Sepabeads EC-EP, Sepabeads EC-HA and Purolite A-109) were tested for potential application as supports for covalent immobilization of lipase from Candida rugosa by analyzing some critical properties of immobilized enzymes such as enzyme loading, activity and activity immobilization yield. Among them, lipase covalently immobilized on Sepabeads EC-EP via epoxy groups appeared to show the best performance in a standard hydrolytic reaction. Therefore, it was selected and assayed in the esterification of butyric acid and geraniol to produce geranyl butyrate, first in a batch system followed by continuous geranyl butyrate synthesis in a fluidized bed reactor, as one being potentially applicable for large-scale production. Based on statistical analysis, optimal conditions for the production of geranyl butyrate by selected, immobilized lipase in the batch system are recommended as: temperature at 25-30°C, water concentration at 3.6% (v/v) and acid/alcohol molar ratio at 2.5. A set of optimal conditions for the ester synthesis in a fluidized bed reactor system has also been determined, specifically, flow rate at 10 mL min-1, temperature at 35°C, water concentration at 2% (v/v), substrate concentration at 0.1 M and acid/alcohol ratio at 2.0. Implementation of the optimized parameters in a batch system and in a fluidized bed reactor enabled production of target ester with high molar conversion, at > 99.9% for 48 h in the batch process, and 78.9% for 10 h in fluidized bed reactor. Although when assayed at their optimal conditions, lower molar conversion was achieved in the fluidized bed reactor system compared to the batch system, the volumetric productivity in fluidized bed reactor was more than five fold higher than that obtained in the batch system.
The potential use of geraniol esters from citronella oil as anticancer agent
Widiyarti, Galuh,Megawati, Megawati,Hanafi, Muhammad
, p. 987 - 996 (2019/07/12)
Geraniol which is mainly contained in citronella oil is one of the Indonesian natural products with anticancer potential. In this study, synthesis of geranyl butyrate, geranyl caproate, and geranyl caprylate from geraniol was conducted using sodium hydroxide as a catalyst.The aim was to enhance the anticancer activity of geraniol as a starting material. In order to achieve this, its esters were identified through the use of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR).They were analyzed for their potential as anticancer agents through Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) against Artemia salina Leach, Mosmann method against murine leukemia (P388) cells and normal (Vero) cells. It was found that geraniol esters have the potential to be anticancer compounds. This was indicated by LC50 values of 0.96-1.46 μg/ml against A. salina L, IC50 values of 22.34-32.29 μg/ml against P388 cells, and very less cytotoxic effect on Vero cells with IC50 values of 116.08-172.93 μg/ml. Therefore, there is an expectation that acyclic ester compounds should be used in treating cancer.
Rapeseed lipase catalyzed synthesis of butyl butyrate for flavour and nutraceutical applications in organic media
Liaquat, Muhammad
experimental part, p. 6 - 13 (2012/06/18)
Butyl butyrate, a short chain ester with fine fruity pineapple odour, is a significant flavour compound. Recent investigations show that butyrate esters also have anticancer activity. Factors influencing the synthesis of butyl butyrate by organic phase biocatalysis were investigated. Maximum ester yield of 89% was obtained when 0.25 M butanol and butyric acid were reacted at 25 °C for 48 h in the presence of 250 mg rape seed lipase acetone powder in hexane. Addition of water did not affect synthesis, while a water activity of 0.45 was found optimum. Of 15 different alcohols evaluated, isoamyl and (Z)-3- hexen-1-ol were esterified most effectively with molar conversion yields of 92.2 and 80.2%. Short chain primary alcohols such as methanol and medium-long chain alcohols, such as heptanol and octanol were esterified more slowly. The results show that rape seed lipase is versatile catalyst for ester synthesis with temperature stability range 5-50 °C.
