1147894-95-8Relevant articles and documents
Highly efficient ligands for the palladium-assisted double N-arylation of primary amines for one-sep construction of carbazoles
Zhou, Yibo,Verkade, John G.
, p. 616 - 620 (2010)
A highly efficient one-pot synthesis of carbazoles via palladium-catalyzed double N-arylation of primary amines with 2,2'-dihalobiphenyls is described using a catalyst system comprised of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(O) (Pd2dba3) and the proazaphosphatrane P(i-BuNCH 2CH2)3N (8) or its derivative (t-Bu) 2P=N-P(iBuNCH2CH2)3N (9a) as the ligand. The process is effective for double N-arylation of 2,2'-biphenyl dibromide, diiodide, and even dichloride with a variety of primary amines including neutral, electronrich, electron-deficient, and sterically hindered anilines as well as aliphatic amines.