12135-76-1 Usage
Description
Ammonium sulfide, also known as (NH4)2S, is a yellow crystalline material commonly found in liquid solution. It is an unstable salt that decomposes at ambient temperature and has a distinct odor of rotten eggs or ammonia. Ammonium sulfide is hygroscopic, soluble in water and alcohol, and very soluble in liquid ammonia. It is used as a selective reducing agent and has various applications in different industries.
Uses
Used in Photographic Developing:
Ammonium sulfide solution is used occasionally in photographic developing to enhance the performance of type-II InAs/GaSb super lattice photodiodes by surface passivation technique.
Used in Bronze Patina Application:
Ammonium sulfide solution is used to apply patina to bronze, giving it an aged and aesthetically pleasing appearance.
Used in Textile Manufacturing:
Ammonium sulfide is used in the textile industry for various processes, including dyeing and finishing.
Used in Mineral Analysis:
Ammonium sulfide is a very useful reagent in mineral analysis, particularly in the continuous culture of saccharomyces cerevisiae and in trace metal analysis.
Used in Neuroscience Research:
Ammonium sulfide is useful in a double staining technique for visualization of astrocytes and microglia from brain sections and astroglial cell cultures.
Used in Surface Modification of Low κ Dielectric Thin Films:
Ammonium sulfide plays an important role in modifying the surface of low κ dielectric thin films, which is essential for molecular beam epitaxy regrowth.
Used in Flavoring:
The distinct ammonical/sulfurous odor of ammonium sulfide makes it a valuable flavor ingredient in various food products, such as baked goods, meat products, condiments, and gravies.
Industrial Uses:
Ammonium sulfide (NH4)2S is a liquid with an obnoxious odor, making it not suitable for use in mineral processing. However, it is the most effective depressant for bornite and covellite. It dissolves excess sulfur from the mineral surface, allowing other depressants to adsorb onto the mineral surface. In copper-lead separation, (NH4)2S can be effectively used together with cyanide.
Physical and Chemical Properties:
Ammonium sulfide aqueous solution is a colorless to yellow liquid, with an odor of rotten eggs or ammonia. It may be irritating to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes and may cause illness from skin absorption. Ammonium sulfide may burn and/or emit toxic fumes if heated to high temperatures. The solution is a yellow to orange fuming liquid and is flammable.
Air & Water Reactions
Readily oxidized to be pyrophoric in air [Bretherick 1979 p. 120]. Ammonium sulfide is slowly decomposed by moisture giving off hydrogen sulfide, a flammable gas. Heat is generated when the pure compound is first dissolved in water.
Reactivity Profile
AMMONIUM SULFIDE SOLUTION is a strongly alkaline aqueous solution. Reacts with acids to generate toxic gaseous hydrogen sulfide. Reacts with bases to release gaseous ammonia. May react vigorously with oxidizing agents, including inorganic oxoacids, organic peroxides and epoxides. Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic hydrogen sulfide gas is released when solution is heated. If ignited, this will form irritating sulfur dioxide gas [USCG, 1999].
Health Hazard
Inhalation of 500 ppm for 30 min. produces headaches, dizziness, bronchial pneumonia; 600 ppm for 30 min. can cause death. Ingestion causes severe irritation of mucous membranes and stomach. Contact with liquid causes severe burns of eyes and severe skin irritation. May be absorbed through skin and cause hydrogen sulfide poisoning.
Fire Hazard
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic hydrogen sulfide gas is released when solution is heated. If ignited, this will form irritating sulfur dioxide gas.
Potential Exposure
It is used in photographic developers,
synthetic flavors, coloring metals (i.e., to apply patina to
bronze); and to make textiles.
Shipping
UN2923 Corrosive solids, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard
class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, 6.1-Poisonous material,
Technical Name Required. UN2683 Ammonium sulfide
solution, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material,
6.1-Poisonous materials, 3-Flammable liquid
Incompatibilities
Vapor form explosive mixture with air
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine,
etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away
from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids,
epoxides. Evolves poisonous ammonia on contact
with strong bases. Contact with acid or acid fumes releases
hydrogen sulfide. Keep away from moisture.
Waste Disposal
Add to a large volume of ferric
chloride solution with stirring. Neutralize with soda ash.
Flush to drain with water.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 12135-76-1 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 1,2,1,3 and 5 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 6 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 12135-76:
(7*1)+(6*2)+(5*1)+(4*3)+(3*5)+(2*7)+(1*6)=71
71 % 10 = 1
So 12135-76-1 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/HNS/c1-2/h1H/p+1
12135-76-1Relevant articles and documents
Quam, G. N.
, p. 103 (1925)
Gladstone, J. H.,Holmes, J, D.
, p. 1 - 8 (1865)
S-Ammonium-O-hydrocarbyl-N-acyl phosphoramidothioate salt production and reaction with alkylating agent
-
, (2008/06/13)
S-ammonium salts of O-hydrocarbyl-N-acylphosphoroamidothioates are prepared by reacting an O,O-dihydrocarbyl-N-acyl-phosphoroamidothioate with an ammonium sulfide or polysulfide in a liquid ammonia reaction medium.