122380-12-5Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis of Symmetric and Unsymmetric Secondary Amines from the Ligand-Promoted Ruthenium-Catalyzed Deaminative Coupling Reaction of Primary Amines
Arachchige, Pandula T. Kirinde,Lee, Hanbin,Yi, Chae S.
, p. 4932 - 4947 (2018/05/08)
The catalytic system generated in situ from the tetranuclear Ru-H complex with a catechol ligand (1/L1) was found to be effective for the direct deaminative coupling of two primary amines to form secondary amines. The catalyst 1/L1 was highly chemoselective for promoting the coupling of two different primary amines to afford unsymmetric secondary amines. The analogous coupling of aniline with primary amines formed aryl-substituted secondary amines. The treatment of aniline-d7 with 4-methoxybenzylamine led to the coupling product with significant deuterium incorporation on CH2 (18% D). The most pronounced carbon isotope effect was observed on the α-carbon of the product isolated from the coupling reaction of 4-methoxybenzylamine (C(1) = 1.015(2)). A Hammett plot was constructed from measuring the rates of the coupling reaction of 4-methoxyaniline with a series of para-substituted benzylamines 4-X-C6H4CH2NH2 (X = OMe, Me, H, F, CF3) (ρ = -0.79 ± 0.1). A plausible mechanistic scheme has been proposed for the coupling reaction on the basis of these results. The catalytic coupling method provides an operationally simple and chemoselective synthesis of secondary amine products without using any reactive reagents or forming wasteful byproducts.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of primary amine HX salts from halides and 7 M ammonia in methanol
Saulnier, Mark G.,Zimmermann, Kurt,Struzynski, Charles P.,Sang, Xiaopeng,Velaparthi, Upender,Wittman, Mark,Frennesson, David B.
, p. 397 - 399 (2007/10/03)
The atom economical synthesis of hydrogen halide salts of primary amines, directly from the corresponding halides, avoids the production of significant amounts of secondary amine side products, and requires only evaporation of the solvent to access the products in yields generally greater than 90%. The procedure uses microwave irradiation in 7 M ammonia in methanol (Aldrich) at 130°C from 0.5 to 2.5h and works on a variety of alkyl halides, as well as mesylates and tosylates. Benzylamines are obtained from benzyl halides without significant amounts of the secondary amine side products that result without microwave heating. Direct isolation of even highly volatile primary amines as their hydrogen halide salts makes the method ideal for use in parallel synthesis.
