134-71-4 Usage
Description
DL-Ephedrine hydrochloride is a white, needle-like crystal or crystalline powder that is odorless and has a bitter taste. It is an alkaloid derived from the dry grass stems of ephedra plants, such as ephedra, zhong ephedra, or ephedra. Ephedra has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2000 years for its various therapeutic properties.
Uses
1. Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
DL-Ephedrine hydrochloride is used as an αand β-adrenergic agonist for its bronchodilator and cardiac stimulant effects. It is particularly effective in treating cold, chest tightness, and bronchial asthma.
2. Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine:
DL-Ephedrine hydrochloride is used as a medicinal agent for its ability to induce sweating and adjust lung function, as well as for its use in treating cold symptoms and asthma.
Physical Properties:
Appearance: White needle-like crystal or crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Taste: Bitter
Solubility: Soluble in water, can be dissolved in ethanol, but insoluble in chloroform or ether
Melting Point: 217–220 °C
Chemical Properties:
State: White solid
History
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are main
active ingredients in “herbal ephedra” . Organic chemist, Changi Changyi (1844–
1929), from Japan first isolated ephedrine from the herb “Shuanghui Ephedra” in
1885 . Ephedrine was successfully synthesized by chemist Ernst Sp?th from
Austria (1886–1946) in 1920 . Kehui Chen (1898–1988) and its co-colleague
Carl F. Schmidt extracted ephedrine from ephedra in 1923 and then clarified the
pharmacological effects of ephedrine, which attracted the attention from Europe
and the United States. Ephedrine was approved in clinical practice by the FDA of
the United States. Structure of ephedrine was analyzed by Changi Changyi in 1926.
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Pharmacology
Ephedrine has a similar effect with adrenaline. Ephedrine can bind α, β receptors
and activate the receptor as adrenaline. Ephedrine makes the adrenergic nerve endings
release medium and indirectly play the role of adrenaline. Ephedrine is stable
and its effect is weaker than adrenaline, and the central excitatory effect is more
obvious. Ephedrine can relax bronchial smooth muscle but less durable than adrenaline.
Ephedrine can also relieve bronchial spasm, excite the heart, enhance myocardial
contractility, and speed up the heart rate. However, its role in increasing the
heart rate may be weakened by the vagus nerve excitement caused by increased
blood pressure . Ephedrine accelerates heart rate and increases cardiac contractility
by stimulating the beta receptor. Ephedrine stimulates the alpha receptor and
contracts the arterial effect, but the contraction of the rabbit aorta is dominated by
direct action. In recent years, ephedra has been found to have a role inhibiting the
formation of acute blood clotting, promote fat synthesis in fat, and scavenge oxygenfree
radicals.
Clinical Use
In clinical practice, ephedrine hydrochloride was used for the treatment of bronchial
asthma, hypotension, central excitation , and toxicity by morphine and barbiturate.
Ephedrine hydrochloride was also used to eliminate nasal mucosal congestion.
Drug tolerance can occur quickly when ephedrine hydrochloride was used often in
a short time. Ephedrine hydrochloride can also be used for hypotension and chronic
hypotension caused by subarachnoid anesthesia or epidural anesthesia .
Side effects
The
side effects of ephedrine hydrochloride are anxiety, insomnia, palpitations, sweating,
and other symptoms by central excitement caused by the long-term use of large
doses which can be cured by hypnotic sedative drugs. Acute drug tolerance can be
induced by repeated use in short time.
Safety Profile
Poison by
subcutaneous, intravenous, andintraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by
ingestion. Human systemic effects: cardac
changes, nausea or vomiting, sweating.
When heated to decomposition it emits very
toxic fumes of HCl and NOx. See also
EPHEDRINE.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 134-71-4 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,3 and 4 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 134-71:
(5*1)+(4*3)+(3*4)+(2*7)+(1*1)=44
44 % 10 = 4
So 134-71-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C10H15NO.ClH/c1-8(11-2)10(12)9-6-4-3-5-7-9;/h3-8,10-12H,1-2H3;1H/t8?,10-;/m0./s1
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