140-64-7 Usage
Description
Pentamidine isethionate is an organosulfonate salt derived from the reaction of pentamidine with two equivalents of 2-hydroxyethylsulfonic acid. It is characterized by its odorless white or almost white crystals or powder, with a very bitter taste and a slight butyric odor. The pH of its 5% aqueous solution ranges from 4.5 to 6.5. Pentamidine isethionate is a hygroscopic compound, which means it has the ability to absorb moisture from the surrounding environment.
Uses
1. Used in Antiparasitic Applications:
Pentamidine isethionate is used as an antiparasitic agent, particularly effective against various parasites such as Leishmania and Plasmodium species. It is employed in the treatment of leishmaniasis, a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, and as a prophylactic agent for malaria, a mosquito-borne disease caused by Plasmodium parasites.
2. Used in Research and Drug Development:
Pentamidine isethionate serves as a positive control for anti-leishmanial, anti-plasmodial, and cytotoxic assays. These assays are essential in the evaluation of new compounds for their potential antiparasitic and cytotoxic properties. By comparing the results of these assays with the known activity of pentamidine isethionate, researchers can determine the effectiveness of new compounds in the fight against parasitic diseases.
3. Used in Analyzing Inhibitor Effects on HERG K+ Channel Trafficking:
Pentamidine isethionate is also used as a prototypical compound to analyze the inhibitory effect on the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) K+ channel trafficking. The HERG K+ channel plays a crucial role in the proper functioning of the heart, and any disruption in its trafficking can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. By studying the interaction of pentamidine isethionate with the HERG K+ channel, researchers can gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying channel dysfunction and develop new strategies to prevent or treat related cardiac conditions.
Therapeutic Function
Antiprotozoal
Air & Water Reactions
Hygroscopic. May be sensitive to prolonged exposure to air. Aqueous solutions deteriorate on storage. Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile
Can decompose on prolonged exposure to light.
Fire Hazard
Flash point data for Pentamidine isethionate are not available; however, Pentamidine isethionate is probably combustible.
Biological Activity
Antimicrobial. Neuroprotective; inhibits constitutive nitric oxide synthase in the brain and acts as a NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Neuroprotective; inhibits constitutive nitric oxide synthase in the brain; NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist.
Clinical Use
4,4’-(Pentamethylenedioxy)dibenzamidine diisethionate(NebuPent, Pentam 300) is a water-soluble crystalline saltthat is stable to light and air. The principal use of pentamidineis for the treatment of pneumonia caused by the opportunisticpathogenic protozoan P. carinii, a frequent secondaryinvader associated with AIDS. The drug may beadministered by slow intravenous infusion or by deep intramuscularinjection for PCP. An aerosol form of pentamidineis used by inhalation for the prevention of PCP inhigh-risk patients infected with HIV who have a previoushistory of PCP infection or a low peripheral CD4+ lymphocytecount.Pentamidine has been used for the prophylaxis and treatmentof African trypanosomiasis. It also has some value fortreating visceral leishmaniasis. Pentamidine rapidly disappearsfrom the plasma after intravenous injection and is distributedto the tissues, where it is stored for a long period.This property probably contributes to the usefulness of thedrug as a prophylactic agent.
Drug interactions
Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Anti-arrhythmics: increased risk of ventricular
arrhythmias with amiodarone - avoid; possible
increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with
disopyramide.
Antibacterials: increased risk of ventricular
arrhythmias with delamanid, moxifloxacin and
parenteral erythromycin - avoid with moxifloxacin;
increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with
parenteral pentamidine and telithromycin.
Antidepressants: increased risk of ventricular
arrhythmias with tricyclics; increased risk of
ventricular arrhythmias with citalopram and
escitalopram - avoid.
Antimalarials: increased risk of ventricular
arrhythmias with piperaquine with artenimol -
avoid.
Antipsychotics: increased risk of ventricular
arrhythmias with amisulpride, droperidol and
phenothiazines - avoid with amisulpride and
droperidol.
Antivirals: increased risk of hypocalcaemia with
parenteral pentamidine and foscarnet; increased risk
of ventricular arrhythmias with saquinavir - avoid.
Cytotoxics: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias
with vandetanib - avoid.
Ivabradine: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
Metabolism
Extensively hepatically metabolised.
Renal clearance accounts for <5% of the plasma clearance
of pentamidine.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 140-64-7 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,4 and 0 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 6 and 4 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 140-64:
(5*1)+(4*4)+(3*0)+(2*6)+(1*4)=37
37 % 10 = 7
So 140-64-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
140-64-7Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Properties and Antileishmanial Screening of some Pentamidine Analogues
Nandi, Gopa,Mukherjee, S.,Basu, M. K.,Mahato, Shashi B.
, p. 527 - 532 (2007/10/02)
Pentamidine, the diamidine drug of choice is used for the treatment of antimony resistant leishmanial infection.A modified method for preparation of the water-soluble isethionate salt of pentamidine has been developed using p-hydroxybenzaldehyde as starting material.Beside the synthesis of the dimethoxy analogues of pentamidine hydrochloride and pentamidine isethionate, two compounds have been prepared by substitution of amidino groups of pentamidine and its dimethoxy analogue by imidazoline moieties.Cmr spectral data of the compounds have been assigned and the in vitro antileishmanial activity of the analogues were compared with pentamidine isethionate using Leishmania donovani UR-6 strain.
