14282-91-8

Basic information

• Product Name: HEXAAMMINERUTHENIUM(III) CHLORIDE
• Synonyms: RUTHENIUM HEXAMMINE TRICHLORIDE;hexaammine-,trichloride,(oc-6-11)-ruthenium(3+;hexaammine-ruthenium(3+trichloride;hexaamminerutheniumtrichloride;hexaamminerutheniumtrichloride,hydrate;hexaamminetrichlororuthenium;ruthenium(3+),hexaammine-,trichloride,hydrate;HEXAAMMINERUTHENIUM(III) CHLORIDE
• CAS NO: 14282-91-8
• Molecular Formula: Cl3H18N6Ru
• Molecular Weight: 309.61
• EINECS: 238-176-8
• Product Categories: Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry;Ru CatalystsMetal and Ceramic Science;Ruthenium;Ruthenium Salts;Salts;metal-ammine complexes;Ru
• Mol File: 14282-91-8.mol
• Article Data: 3

Chemical Properties

• Appearance: Yellow/Crystalline Powder
• Vapor Pressure: 5990mmHg at 25°C
• Storage Temp.: Refrigerator (+4°C)
• Water Solubility: Very soluble in water.
• CAS DataBase Reference: HEXAAMMINERUTHENIUM(III) CHLORIDE(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: HEXAAMMINERUTHENIUM(III) CHLORIDE(14282-91-8)
• EPA Substance Registry System: HEXAAMMINERUTHENIUM(III) CHLORIDE(14282-91-8)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: Xi
• Statements: 36/37/38
• Safety Statements: 26-36
• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: VM2651530
• Hazardous Substances Data: 14282-91-8(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

Hexammineruthenium(III) Chloride, also known as [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3, is a pale yellow, air-stable, water-soluble powder. It is a commonly used electrochemical redox couple due to its chemical and electrochemical reversibility. The compound is known for its ability to readily interconvert between hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride and hexaammineruthenium(II) chloride through electrochemical reduction and oxidation, making it highly useful in various biochemical analyses and as an indicator of one-electron reactions.

Uses

1. Used in Glucose Detection:
Hexammineruthenium(III) Chloride is used as an electron mediator for glucose detection in glucose monitoring systems. It plays a crucial role in the reaction between β-D-glucose, glucose oxidase (GOD), and hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride, generating β-D-glucono-lactone and hexaammineruthenium(II) chloride. The amount of hexaammineruthenium(II) chloride produced is directly proportional to the glucose concentration in the blood sample. The subsequent oxidation of hexaammineruthenium(II) chloride back to hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride generates an electric current, which is then used to determine the glucose concentration value.
2. Used in the Synthesis of Chloropentaammineruthenium(III) Chloride:
Hexammineruthenium(III) Chloride can be used to synthesize chloropentaammineruthenium(III) chloride, which is another compound with potential applications in various fields.
3. Used in Electrochemical Redox Couples:
The Hexaammineruthenium III/II (HexRu(III)|HexRu(II)) couple is a commonly used electrochemical redox couple due to its chemical and electrochemical reversibility. This property makes it highly useful in various biochemical analyses and as an indicator of the occurrence of one-electron reactions.
4. Used in Cyclic Voltammetry Demonstrations:
Hexammineruthenium(III) chloride is often used as the analyte in cyclic voltammetry demonstrations, showcasing its electrochemical reversibility and utility in studying one-electron reactions.

Purification Methods

Crystallise it twice from 1M HCl.

InChI:InChI=1/6H2N.Ru/h6*1H2;/q6*-1;+6

Upstream product

• 7647-01-0 hydrogenchloride 
• 19052-44-9 hexaammineruthenium(II) chloride 
• 7446-09-5 sulfur dioxide 
• 15189-51-2 sodium tetrachloroaurate(III) 
• 7782-50-5 chlorine 
• 16887-00-6 chloride 
• 12437-00-2 cis-{Ru(HSO₃)2(NH₃)4} 
• 19052-44-9 hexaamineruthenium(II) 
• 80041-64-1 (NH₃)5Co(NC₅H₄CN)⁽³⁺⁾ 
• 99618-40-3 (NH₃)5Co(NC₅H₄N(CH₃)2)⁽³⁺⁾ 
• 99618-38-9 (NH₃)5Co(NC₅H₄Cl)⁽³⁺⁾ 
• 99618-39-0 (NH₃)5Co(NC₅H₄C(CH₃)3)⁽³⁺⁾ 
• 18532-87-1 Ru(NH₃)5Cl⁽²⁺⁾*2Cl^(1-)*0.66H₂O={Ru(NH₃)5Cl}Cl₂*0.66H₂O 
• 79785-97-0 hydrazine hydrate 

Relevant articles and documents

CO2 Hydrogenation over Ru-NPs Supported Amine-Functionalized SBA-15 Catalyst: Structure–Reactivity Relationship Study

We gave an effective protocol to support Ru NPs on amine-functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica to catalyze the CO2 hydrogenation reaction. The amine groups present in the catalytic system performed an essential role in stabilizing the Ru NPs, delivering the robust metal-support interaction and improved catalytic activities to material in formic acid synthesis. We also demonstrated a comprehensive study of different amine groups on the catalytic performance of ultrafine uniformly dispersed Ru NPs over mesoporous SBA-15 support. The effect of various compositional and steric properties of amine groups on the size/distribution of the Ru NPs were closely studied and correlated with their catalytic performance in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction. The in situ DRIFTS analysis of CO2 hydrogenation into formic acid in presence of developed CATALYST-1 showed active surface species bonded to support sites and to Ru NPs. This interaction proposed the formation of important intermediates such as hydrides, formates and bicarbonates, which are significant for the formation of formic acid. We successfully recycled the catalysts up to 5 runs with good catalytic activity. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Influence of the metal centers on the pKa of the pyrrole hydrogen of imidazole complexes of (NH3)5M3+, M(III) = Co(III), Rh(III), Ir(III), Ru(III)

The pKa's at 298 K, μ = 0.10 (NaCl), and the temperature dependence (273-343 K) for the deprotonation of the pyrrole NH of several imidazoles coordinated to (NH3)5M3+ moieties (M = CoIII, RhIII, IrIII, RuIII) are reported. A greater importance of dn configuration over ion size is found. Data summarized for various systems are as follows (ligand, M (pK298, ΔHa° in kcal/mol, ΔSa° in eu)): imidazole = imH, CoIII (9.99, 14.0 ± 0.5, 1.3 ± 1.6), RhIII (9.97, 13.6 ± 0.3, 0.1 ± 1.3), IrIII (10.05, 13.4 ± 0.3, 1.2 ± 1.0), RuIII (8.9, 10.0 ± 0.8, 3.7 ± 1.2); 2-methylimidazole = 2-MeimH, CoIII (10.67, 17.8 ± 0.7, 11.2 ± 2.4); 2,4(5)-dimethylimidazole = 2,5-Me2imH, CoIII (11.04, 13.4 ± 0.5, 5.3 ± 1.6), RuIII (10.20, 13.2 ± 0.6, -2.1 ± 1.6). 1H NMR spectra of low-spin d6 complexes of imidazoles and ring-methylated imidazoles are discussed for CoIII, RhIII, IrIII, and RuIII. C-2 and remote ring, C-5, substituents are shifted downfield relative to the free imidazole ligand in the order H+ > CoIII > RhIII > IrIII. The C-4 position is influenced competitively by σ-withdrawal ring substituents and TIP effects for CoIII. Assignments of the remote isomer for (NH3)5M(2,5-Me2imH)3+ (M = CoIII, RuIII) are made from the 1H NMR spectra of the CoIII and RuII complexes. The RuIII complexes of 2,5-Me2imH and the imidazolate form (2,5-Me2im-) both exhibit LMCT spectra. The imidazolato form has three bands at 655, 377, and 272 nm, proposed for II1 → IId, II2 → IId, and n → IId transitions, where II1, II2, and n are the highest HOMO's of the imidazolato ring.