149-61-1 Usage
Description
ANION STANDARD MALATE, also known as Malate, is a C4-dicarboxylate resulting from the deprotonation of both carboxy groups of malic acid. It is an essential organic compound involved in various biochemical processes, particularly in cellular respiration and energy production.
Uses
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
ANION STANDARD MALATE is used as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle) for the production of energy in living organisms. It plays a crucial role in the conversion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into energy that cells can use.
Used in Biochemical Research:
In the field of biochemical research, ANION STANDARD MALATE is used as a standard compound for the calibration and validation of analytical instruments and methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). This helps in the accurate quantification and identification of malate and related compounds in various samples.
Used in Food Industry:
ANION STANDARD MALATE is used as a flavor enhancer and acidity regulator in the food industry. It contributes to the taste and preservation of various food products, such as beverages, confectionery, and processed fruits.
Used in Cosmetics Industry:
In the cosmetics industry, ANION STANDARD MALATE is used as a pH adjuster and buffering agent in the formulation of skincare and hair care products. It helps maintain the desired pH levels, ensuring the stability and effectiveness of the products.
Used in Environmental Science:
ANION STANDARD MALATE is used in environmental science for the assessment of soil and water quality. It can be an indicator of the presence of certain microorganisms and their metabolic activities, providing valuable information about the health of ecosystems.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 149-61-1 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 1,4 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 6 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 149-61:
(5*1)+(4*4)+(3*9)+(2*6)+(1*1)=61
61 % 10 = 1
So 149-61-1 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/p-2
149-61-1Relevant articles and documents
Direct Photoconversion of Pyruvate to Lactate in Aqueous TiO2 Dispersions
Cuendet, Pierre,Graetzel, Michael
, p. 654 - 657 (1987)
Pyruvate is efficiently converted to lactate under illumination of aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide powder.This photoconversion does not require additional catalysts and its efficiency depends on the pH and the electron donor present in solution.Other keto carboxylic acids can also be photoreduced by the same process.The kinetics of reduction has been studied by monitoring the interfacial electron transfer occuring at the surface of colloidal TiO2 semiconducting particles using laser photolysis.
L-2-Hydroxyglutarate production arises from noncanonical enzyme function at acidic pH
Intlekofer, Andrew M.,Wang, Bo,Liu, Hui,Shah, Hardik,Carmona-Fontaine, Carlos,Rustenburg, Ari?n S.,Salah, Salah,Gunner,Chodera, John D.,Cross, Justin R.,Thompson, Craig B.
, p. 494 - 500 (2017/04/19)
The metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) can be produced as either a D-R- or L-S- enantiomer, each of which inhibits α-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent enzymes involved in diverse biologic processes. Oncogenic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) produce D-2HG, which causes a pathologic blockade in cell differentiation. On the other hand, oxygen limitation leads to accumulation of L-2HG, which can facilitate physiologic adaptation to hypoxic stress in both normal and malignant cells. Here we demonstrate that purified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) catalyze stereospecific production of L-2HG via 'promiscuous' reduction of the alternative substrate αKG. Acidic pH enhances production of L-2HG by promoting a protonated form of αKG that binds to a key residue in the substrate-binding pocket of LDHA. Acid-enhanced production of L-2HG leads to stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in normoxia. These findings offer insights into mechanisms whereby microenvironmental factors influence production of metabolites that alter cell fate and function.
