1538-74-5Relevant articles and documents
The role of μ-hydroxy and μ-alkoxy binuclear complexes in tin(IV)-catalysed urethane formation
Houghton, Roy P.,Mulvaney, Andrew W.
, p. 107 - 113 (1996)
It is proposed that at the catalyst concentrations normally used the distannoxane-catalysed formation of urethanes from isocyanates and alcohols involves the monomeric form of the distannoxane rather than the dimeric form as previously suggested, and that
Syntheses of polycarbonate and polyurethane precursors utilizing CO2 over highly efficient, solid as-synthesized MCM-41 catalyst
Srivastava,Srinivas,Ratnasamy
, p. 4213 - 4217 (2006)
As-synthesized MCM-41 was used as a reusable, heterogeneous catalyst for the eco-friendly synthesis of cyclic carbonate precursors of polycarbonates via a cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with epoxides. This catalyst is also efficient for the synt
Kinetics of the Spontaneous Urethane Formation
Thiele, Lothar
, p. 865 - 874 (1992)
The kinetics of the reaction of phenylisocyanate with 1-butanol have been studied at low concentrations in carbon tetrachloride solution at three temperatures.The present paper describes the relation between the reaction rate and the concentration of the
Catalytic production of urethanes from amines and alkyl halides in supercritical carbon dioxide
Yoshida, Masaaki,Hara, Namiko,Okuyama, Sanae
, p. 151 - 152 (2000)
Some common onium salts catalysed selective urethane production from amines and alkyl halides in supercritical carbon dioxide, which acted not only as an alternative to organic solvents but also as a phosgene replacement; the reaction efficiency was 50-10
N-Aryl and N-Alkyl Carbamates from 1 Atmosphere of CO2
Chen, Ming-Yu,Choe, Yoong-Kee,Choi, Jun-Chul,Fukaya, Norihisa,Hamura, Satoshi,Koizumi, Hiroki,Matsumoto, Kazuhiro,Matsumoto, Seiji,Shigeyasu, Shinji,Takeuchi, Katsuhiko,Yuan, Hao-Yu
supporting information, p. 18066 - 18073 (2021/12/08)
We have successfully isolated and characterized the zinc carbamate complex (phen)Zn(OAc)(OC(=O)NHPh) (1; phen=1,10-phenanthroline), formed as an intermediate during the Zn(OAc)2/phen-catalyzed synthesis of organic carbamates from CO2, amines, and the reusable reactant Si(OMe)4. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the direct reaction of 1 with Si(OMe)4 proceeds via a five-coordinate silicon intermediate, forming organic carbamates. Based on these results, the catalytic system was improved by using Si(OMe)4 as the reaction solvent and additives like KOMe and KF, which promote the formation of the five-coordinated silicon species. This sustainable and effective method can be used to synthesize various N-aryl and N-alkyl carbamates, including industrially important polyurethane raw materials, starting from CO2 under atmospheric pressure.
Nickel-Catalyzed Synthesis of N-(Hetero)aryl Carbamates from Cyanate Salts and Phenols Activated with Cyanuric Chloride
Dindarloo Inaloo, Iman,Esmaeilpour, Mohsen,Majnooni, Sahar,Reza Oveisi, Ali
, p. 5486 - 5491 (2020/09/04)
A simple and efficient domino reaction has been designed and employed for the one-pot synthesis of N-(hetero)aryl carbamates through the reaction between alcohols and in-situ produced (hetero)aryl isocyanates in the presence of a nickel catalyst. The phenolic C?O bond was activated via the reaction of phenol with cyanuric chloride (2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT)) as an inexpensive and readily available reagent. This strategy provides practical access to N-(hetero)aryl carbamates in good yields with high functional groups compatibility.
Carbon dioxide utilization in the efficient synthesis of carbamates by deep eutectic solvents (DES) as green and attractive solvent/catalyst systems
Dindarloo Inaloo, Iman,Majnooni, Sahar
, p. 11275 - 11281 (2019/07/31)
A green and eco-friendly solvent/catalyst system based on a deep eutectic solvent (DES) was devised and developed for the simple synthesis of carbamates through three-component coupling of amines, alkyl halides and carbon dioxide (CO2). It was found that choline chloride:zinc(ii) chloride ([ChCl][ZnCl2]2) was very proficient and effective for the activation and utilization of CO2 in carbamate formation reactions from a wide scope of amines. Surprisingly, this strategy provides the desired carbamates under atmospheric CO2 pressure at room temperature. In particular, both aromatic and aliphatic amines were effective and demonstrated excellent yields. Besides, the [ChCl][ZnCl2]2 exhibited very high stability and also could be reused for at least five consecutive cycles without any significant loss of activity. It is worth noting that this is the first solvent/catalyst system which can be recycled successfully from the reaction mixture.
