16689-14-8

Basic information

• Product Name: LEU-LEU METHYL ESTER HYDROBROMIDE
• Synonyms: H-LEU-LEU-OME HBR;LEU-LEU METHYL ESTER HYDROBROMIDE;H-Leu-Leu-OMe;LLME · HBr;Leu-Leu-Ome, HBr
• CAS NO: 16689-14-8
• Molecular Formula: C13H27BrN2O3
• Molecular Weight: 339.27
• Product Categories: Dipeptides;Dipeptides and Tripeptides;Peptides
• Mol File: 16689-14-8.mol
• Article Data: 0

Chemical Properties

• Appearance: /
• Storage Temp.: −20°C
• Solubility: Soluble in DMSO (up to 35 mg/ml) or in Water (up to 40 mg/ml)
• Stability: Stable for 1 year from date of purchase as supplied. Solutions in DMSO or distilled water may be stored at -20°C for up to 1 month.
• CAS DataBase Reference: LEU-LEU METHYL ESTER HYDROBROMIDE(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: LEU-LEU METHYL ESTER HYDROBROMIDE(16689-14-8)
• EPA Substance Registry System: LEU-LEU METHYL ESTER HYDROBROMIDE(16689-14-8)

Safety Data

• WGK Germany: 3
• Hazardous Substances Data: 16689-14-8(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

LEU-LEU METHYL ESTER HYDROBROMIDE, also known as Leu-Leu-OMe (16689-14-8), is a lysosomal damaging agent (lysosomotropic) that has the potential to induce lysosomal damage in cells. It is transformed into a membranolytic polymer through the transpeptidase action of cathepsin C within lysosomes. LEU-LEU METHYL ESTER HYDROBROMIDE has been shown to elicit ubiquitin puncta formation on lysosomes and induce apoptosis in human mast cells via lysosome destabilization, while leaving fibroblasts and HEK-293 cells largely resistant. Additionally, it can induce lysophagy, a process that involves the degradation of lysosomal contents.

Uses

Used in Cellular Research:
LEU-LEU METHYL ESTER HYDROBROMIDE is used as a research tool for inducing a lysosomal damage model in cells. This application is valuable for studying the effects of lysosomal damage on cellular processes and the subsequent cellular responses.
Used in Apoptosis Studies:
In the field of cell biology, LEU-LEU METHYL ESTER HYDROBROMIDE is used as an inducer of apoptosis in human mast cells via lysosome destabilization. This makes it a useful compound for investigating the mechanisms underlying apoptosis and the role of lysosomes in this process.
Used in Drug Delivery Systems:
LEU-LEU METHYL ESTER HYDROBROMIDE may be employed in the development of drug delivery systems that target lysosomal damage. By understanding the compound's effects on lysosomes, researchers can potentially design more effective drug delivery strategies that exploit lysosomal damage for therapeutic purposes.
Used in Lysophagy Research:
In the field of cellular biology, LEU-LEU METHYL ESTER HYDROBROMIDE is used as an inducer of lysophagy, a process that involves the degradation of lysosomal contents. This application is important for studying the role of lysophagy in cellular homeostasis and its potential implications in various diseases.

References

1) Maejima et al. (2013), Autophagy sequesters damaged lysosomes to control lysosomal biogenesis and kidney injury; EMBO J., 32 2336 2) Fujita et al. (2013), Recruitment of the autophagic machinery to endosomes during infection is mediated by ubiquitin; J. Cell Biol., 203 115 3) Chauhan et al. (2016), TRIMS and Galectins Globally Cooperate and TRIM16 and Galectin-3 Co-directed Autophagy in Endomembrane Damage Homeostasis; Dev. Cell, 39 13 4) Otomo and Yoshimori (2017), Lysophagy: A Method for Monitoring Lysosomal Rupture Followed by Autophagy-Dependent Recovery; Methods Mol. Biol. 1594 141 5) Melo et al. (2011), Lysosomal membrane permeabilization induces cell death in human mast cells; Scand. J. Immunol., 74 354