17085-89-1Relevant articles and documents
Active Base Hybrid Organosilica Materials based on Pyrrolidine Builder Units for Fine Chemicals Production
Llopis, Sebastián,Velty, Alexandra,Díaz, Urbano
, p. 5012 - 5024 (2021/10/19)
The catalytic activity of “pyrrolidine type” fragments included or anchored in the mesoporous silica supports or polymeric frameworks have been fully reported for enantioselective transformation. Nevertheless, low attention was focused on their catalytic abilities to perform base-catalyzed reaction. Accordingly, hybrid materials including pyrrolidine fragments in the mesoporous silica supports were prepared following different synthesis methods, such as micellar and fluoride sol-gel routes in absence of structural directing agents. Their great catalytic performance was explored for various base-catalyzed reactions to the formation of C?C bond through Knoevenagel, Claisen-Schmidt and Henry condensations under microwave irradiation. The benefits of microwave irradiation combined with suitable catalytic properties of pyrrolidine hybrid materials with strong base sites and high accessibility to active centers, allowed carrying out successfully base-catalyzed condensation reactions for the production of fine chemicals. Moreover, the hybrid catalyst exhibited high selectivity and good stability over different catalytic cycles contributing to environmental sustainability.
CATALYSTS
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Page/Page column 85; 86, (2018/06/06)
A complex of formula (I) wherein M is zirconium or hafnium; each X independently is a sigma ligand; L is a divalent bridge selected from -R'2C-, -R'2C-CR'2-, -R'2Si-, -R'2Si-SiR'2-, -R'2Ge-, wherein each R' is independently a hydrogen atom or a C1-C20-hydrocarbyl group optionally containing one or more silicon atoms or heteroatoms of Group 14-16 of the periodic table or fluorine atoms, and optionally two R' groups taken together can form a ring; R2 and R2' are each independently a C1-C20 hydrocarbyl group, -OC1- hydrocarbyl group or -SC1-20 hydrocarbyl group; R5 is a -OC1-20 hydrocarbyl group or -SC1-20 hydrocarbyl group, said R5 group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R5' is hydrogen or a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group; -OC1-20 hydrocarbyl group or -SC1-20 hydrocarbyl group; said C1-20 hydrocarbyl group being optionally substituted by one or more halo groups; R6 and R6' are each independently a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group; -OC1-20 hydrocarbyl group or -SC1-20 hydrocarbyl group; each R1 and R1' are independently -CH2Rx wherein Rx are each independently H, or a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group, optionally containing heteroatoms.