17194-00-2

Basic information

• Product Name: Barium hydroxide
• Synonyms: Ba(OH)2;Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2);Barium hydroxide, alpha;bariumdihydroxide;bariumhydroxide(ba(oh)2);Bariumhydroxide,anhydrous;BARIUM HYDRATE;BARIUM HYDROXIDE
• CAS NO: 17194-00-2
• Molecular Formula: BaH₂O₂
• Molecular Weight: 171.34
• EINECS: 241-234-5
• Product Categories: Industrial/Fine Chemicals;Inorganics;Barium SaltsChemical Synthesis;Inorganic Bases;Metal and Ceramic Science;Salts;Synthetic Reagents;Base SolutionsChemical Synthesis;By Reference Material;Inorganic BasesVolumetric Solutions;Reference Material Hydrochloric acid;Titration;Volumetric Solutions;Chemical Synthesis;metal hydroxide;BARIUM, INORGANIC SALT
• Mol File: 17194-00-2.mol
• Article Data: 1

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: >300 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: decomposes at 1032 (calculated) [KNA91]
• Appearance: Clear/Solid
• Density: 2.2 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• Water Solubility: Soluble in water.
• Sensitive: Air Sensitive & Hygroscopic
• Stability: Stable. Incompatible with acids, carbon dioxide, moisture.
• Merck: 14,977
• CAS DataBase Reference: Barium hydroxide(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Barium hydroxide(17194-00-2)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Barium hydroxide(17194-00-2)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: C,Xi,Xn
• Statements: 36/37/38-34-20/22-36/38-41-35-22
• Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-45-36/37
• RIDADR: UN 3262 8/PG 2
• WGK Germany: 1
• RTECS: CQ9200000
• TSCA: Yes
• HazardClass: 8
• PackingGroup: III
• Hazardous Substances Data: 17194-00-2(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Chemical Description

Barium hydroxide is used to hydrolyze the aminonitrile compound to form cleonine.

Description

Barium hydroxide is a barium base that exists as an anhydrate with prismatic, colorless crystals, which are very deliquescent. It can be prepared by dissolving barium oxide in water and is available in various hydrate forms, such as monohydrate and octahydrate. Barium hydroxide is a white or colorless, poisonous powder or crystalline substance that forms a strong caustic base in aqueous solution.

Uses

1. Used in Organic Compounds Production:
Barium hydroxide is used as a precursor to other barium compounds and to produce organic barium compounds such as additives for oil and stabilizers for plastics.
2. Used in Dehydration and Deacidification:
Barium hydroxide is used for dehydration and deacidification, particularly for removing sulfuric acid from fats, oils, waxes, and glycerol.
3. Used in Analytical Chemistry:
Barium hydroxide is used in analytical chemistry for titration of weak acids, particularly organic acids. It forms clear aqueous solutions free from carbonate, allowing the use of indicators without the risk of titration errors.
4. Used in Organic Synthesis:
Barium hydroxide is a strong base used in organic synthesis for the hydrolysis of esters and nitriles, acting as a catalyst in various organic reactions.
5. Used in Carbon Dioxide Absorption:
Barium hydroxide is used as a carbon dioxide absorbent in different applications.
6. Used in Thermoplastics and Stabilizers:
Barium hydroxide is used as an additive in thermoplastics, such as phenolic resins, rayon, and PVC stabilizers to improve plastic properties.
7. Used in Sugar Fabrication, Soap Manufacturing, and Fat Saponification:
Barium hydroxide has various industrial applications, including sugar fabrication, manufacturing soaps, and fat saponification.
8. Used in Chemical Synthesis:
Barium hydroxide is used in the chemical synthesis of other barium compounds and organic compounds.
9. Used in Light-Emitting Diodes:
Barium hydroxide acts as an interlayer between zinc oxide and a luminescent conjugated polymer for light-emitting diodes.
10. Used in Water Treatment:
Barium hydroxide is used for removing sulfate and metals from water and as a selective precipitating agent for hemicelluloses.
Physical properties of barium hydroxide (monohydrate and octahydrate) are also provided in the materials, detailing their appearance, density, solubility, and other characteristics.

Production Methods

The anhydrous hydroxide has only a secondary industrial importance; the monohydrate and octahydrate are used in industry on a far larger scale. Barium hydroxide octahydrate is produced by hydration of barium oxide. The barium oxide is suspended in recycled mother lye and heated for several hoursto destroy peroxides. The insolubles, e.g., BaC03 , are separated, and the hydroxide is precipitated by crystallization at low temperatures in stainless steel vessels. The crystals are removed from the mother lye by centrifugation. Another industrial method is based on the oxidation of a barium sulfide solution. Air is passed into the stirred solution containing barium hydroxide and barium hydrosulfide, the hydrolysis products of barium sulfide, until the hydrosulfide is oxidized to form polysulfide. Then the barium hydroxide octahydrate is crystallized atlow temperatures and separated with a centrifuge. The Polysulfide mother lye is partly recycled, the rest usually processed for other barium compounds. The monohydrate is generally produced on a commercial scale by dehydration of the octahydrate in heated vacuum driers. A monohydrate of especially high reactivity is obtained with drum driers. This highly reactive monohydrate is particularly suitable for the production of oil additives.

References

[1]Wu, Mingmei, et al. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of Tetragonal Barium Titanate from Barium Hydroxide and Titanium Dioxide under Moderate Conditions." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82.11 (2010):3254-3256. [2]Meier, Hans, et al. "Barium Hydroxide as a Selective Precipitating Agent for Hemicelluloses." Acta Chemica Scandinavica 12.1(1958):144-146. [3]Gruppen, H., R. J. Hamer, and A. G. J. Voragen. "Barium hydroxide as a tool to extract pure arabinoxylans from water- insoluble cell wall material of wheat flour." Journal of Cereal Science 13.3(1991):275-290. [4]Li, Ping Lu, D. Kabra, and R. H. Friend. "Barium Hydroxide as an Interlayer Between Zinc Oxide and a Luminescent Conjugated Polymer for Light-Emitting Diodes." Advanced Functional Materials 22.19(2012):4165–4171. [5]Bologo, V., J. P. Maree, and F. Carlsson. "Application of magnesium hydroxide and barium hydroxide for the removal of metals and sulphate from mine water." Water Sa 38.1(2012):23-28. [6]Sinisterra, J. V., A. Fuentes, and J. M. Marinas. "Barium hydroxide as catalyst in organic reactions. 17. Interfacial solid- liquid Wittig-Horner reaction under sonochemical conditions." J.org.chem (1987).

Preparation

Barium hydroxide is made by dissolving barium oxide in hot water. The octahydrate, Ba(OH)2?8H2O, crystallizes upon cooling. It also is prepared by precipitation with caustic soda from an aqueous solution of barium sulfide:BaS + 2NaOH → Ba(OH)2 + Na2S.

Hazard

An acute poison; toxic symptoms are similar to other soluble salts of barium (see Barium).

Flammability and Explosibility

Notclassified

Safety Profile

A poison by ingestion andintraperitoneal routes. Incompatible with chlorinated rubber.

InChI:InChI=1/Ba.2H2O/h;2*1H2/q+2;;/p-2/rBaH2O2/c2-1-3/h2-3H

Upstream product

• 7732-18-5 water 
• 7440-39-3 barium 

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Relevant articles and documents

INFRARED MATRIX ISOLATION STUDIES OF THE INTERACTIONS OF Mg, Ca, Sr, AND Ba ATOMS AND SMALL CLUSTERS WITH WATER.

Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba metal atoms react with water to form M**. **. **. OH//2 adducts on cocondensation at 15 K in excess argon. Adduct formation is evidenced by a red shift in the water nu //2 bending mode frequency and ranges from approximately 15 cm** minus **1 for Mg to approximately 30 cm** minus **1 for Ca, Sr, and Ba. Subsequent photolysis of the adducts results in oxidative insertion reactions to form HMOH molecules. At higher magnesium metal concentrations, Mg//2**. **. **. OH//2 and Mg//x**. **. **. OH//2, x greater than equivalent to 3, adducts are observed. Sequential reactions between two metal atoms and one water molecule produce the HMOMH species in the case of Mg and Ca. Reaction between one Ca metal atom and two water molecules produces the Ca(OH)//2 molecule.