186504-53-0Relevant articles and documents
Cyclometallation of indole derivatives: Cyclopalladation of gramine and 1-methyl gramme and CO insertion
Tollari, Stefano,Demartin, Francesco,Cenini, Sergio,Palmisano, Giovanni,Raimondi, Paolo
, p. 93 - 102 (2007/10/03)
Li2PdCl4, in methanol, with gramine 1 and 1-methyl gramine 2 gave the dimeric complexes 1a and 2a with chlorine bridges and having the indole nucleus metallated at position 2. The corresponding bromo derivatives 1b and 2b were isolated from the reactions of Pd(OAc)2 with 1 and 2, followed by treatment with LiBr. Complexes 1a,b and 2a,b gave the monomeric, cyclometallated derivatives 3a-d by reaction with PPh3 in methylene chloride. When the cyclopalladation of 1-methyl gramine 1 was attempted by reacting PdCl2, PPh3 and 2 in methanol in the presence of AcONa, an unexpected compound 4 was obtained. A structural determination of 4 showed it consisted of the known [Pd(PPh3)Cl3]- anion packed with the dimethyl-bis(3-methylene-1-methyl indole) ammonium cation. When compounds 1a and 2a were reacted with carbon monoxide at atmospheric pressure in methanol or ethanol and in the presence of NEt3, the corresponding 2-carboalkoxy indole derivatives 5 and 6 were isolated in high yields.