18938-11-9Relevant articles and documents
Kinetic study on aminolysis of aryl X-substituted-cinnamates in acetonitrile: Differential medium effect determines reactivity and reaction mechanism
Um, Ik-Hwan,Bae, Ae-Ri,Dust, Julian M.
, p. 13 - 19 (2019/01/10)
A kinetic study on nucleophilic substitution reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenyl X-substituted-cinnamates (1a-1f) and Y-substituted-phenyl cinnamates (2a-2g) with a series of alicyclic secondary amines in MeCN at 25.0 ± 0.1 °C is reported. The Br?nsted-type pl
Kinetic study on nucleophilic substitution reactions of aryl diphenylphosphinates with butane-2,3-dione monoximate and aryloxide anions: Reaction mechanism and origin of the α-effect
Um, Ik-Hwan,Han, Jeong-Yoon
, p. 1180 - 1184 (2016/08/12)
A kinetic study is reported for nucleophilic substitution reactions of X-substituted-phenyl diphenylphosphinates (3a-3f) with butane-2,3-dione monoximate (Ox-) and a series of Y-substituted-phenoxide (Y-PhO-) ions in 50 mol % H2O/50 mol % DMSO at 25.0 ± 0.1°C. The reactions of 3a-3f with Ox- and 4-chlorophenoxide (4-ClPhO-) result in linear Br?nsted-type plots with βlg = -0.70 and -0.64, respectively, a typical βlg value for reactions reported previously to proceed through a concerted mechanism. The Br?nsted-type plots for the reactions of 4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl diphenylphosphinate (3a), 4-nitrophenyl diphenylphosphinate (3b), and 4-acetylphenyl diphenylphosphinate (3d) with Y-PhO- are also linear with βnuc = 0.15-0.35. The current reactions have been concluded to proceed through a concerted mechanism in which the bond formation is much less advanced than the bond rupture in the TS on the basis of the βlg and βnuc values. The α-effect observed in this study is very small (i.e., the kOx-/kp-ClPhO- ratio=4.61-43.5) and is independent of the leaving-group basicity. It has been concluded that the α-effect shown by Ox- in the current reactions is mainly due to desolvation of Ox- in the reaction medium (ground-state contribution) rather than stabilization of the transition-state (TS contribution) on the basis of the kinetic results.
Pitfalls in assessing the α-effect: Reactions of substituted phenyl methanesulfonates with HOO-, OH-, and substituted phenoxides in H2O
Um, Ik-Hwan,Im, Li-Ra,Buncel, Erwin
, p. 8571 - 8577 (2011/03/20)
Toward resolving the current controversy regarding the validity of the α-effect, we have examined the reactions of Y-substituted phenyl methanesulfonates 1a-1l with HOO-, OH-, and Z-substituted phenoxides in the gas phase versus solu