18959-19-8

Basic information

• Product Name: Benzoic acid, 2,4-dinitro-, 4-nitrophenyl ester
• CAS NO: 18959-19-8
• Molecular Formula: C13H7N3O8
• Molecular Weight: 333.214
• Mol File: 18959-19-8.mol
• Article Data: 3

Chemical Properties

• CAS DataBase Reference: Benzoic acid, 2,4-dinitro-, 4-nitrophenyl ester(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Benzoic acid, 2,4-dinitro-, 4-nitrophenyl ester(18959-19-8)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Benzoic acid, 2,4-dinitro-, 4-nitrophenyl ester(18959-19-8)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 18959-19-8(Hazardous Substances Data)

Upstream product

• 610-30-0 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid 
• 20195-22-6 2,4-dinitrobenzoyl chloride 
• 100-02-7 4-nitro-phenol 

Downstream Products

• 100-02-7 4-nitro-phenol 
• 610-30-0 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid 
• 19081-19-7 2,4-dinitro-benzoic acid phenyl ester 
• 14609-74-6 p-nitrophenolate 

Relevant articles and documents

Nucleophilic displacement at the benzoyl centre: A study of the change in geometry at the carbonyl carbon atom

The second-order rate constants for the reaction between hydroxide ion and phenoxide ion with 4-nitrophenyl esters of substituted benzoic acids in 10% acetonitrile-water (v/v) solution obey Hammett σ correlations. The values of the Hammett ρ of 1.67 (κArO) and 2.14 (κOH) are consistent with a large change in hybridization at the central carbon by comparison with the ρ value for a standard reaction where a full sp2 to sp3 change occurs. The transition state for the concerted reaction thus has a substantially tetrahedral geometry. The observation of the anti-Hammond effect whereby the ρ value for the hydroxide ion exceeds that of the less reactive phenoxide ion is consistent with a concerted, ANDN, mechanism for these reactions. A stepwise mechanism, AN + DN, is unlikely to yield a measurable break in the Hammett correlation for a change in the benzoyl substituent if the partitioning of the putative tetrahedral intermediate involves forward and reverse reactions with Hammett correlations possessing similar ρ values.

MECHANISM OF ESTER AMINOLYSIS IN APROTIC MEDIA AND SPECIFIC SOLVENT EFFECTS

The n-butylaminolysis of nitro-substituted 4'-nitrophenyl benzoates and cinnamates as well as of phenylacetates in aprotic solvents is governed by a kinetic law implying higher order terms in nucleophile.It is shown that the attacking nucleophile forms a n-? type molecular complex with the substrate before reaching the transition state in the subsequent kinetic step.This molecular complex is a true reaction intermediate as evidenced by the observed negative activation enthalpy.Other nucleophile molecules intervene as general base catalysts.Tertiary amines also catalyse the reaction.Their catalytic activity is linearly related to their hydrogen bond forming ability and it is not a direct function of their proton basicity.By varying the nucleophile structure, an excellent Broensted relationship could be obtained for the first time in aprotic media, the β of which confirms that the catalytic collapse of tetrahedral intermediate is the rate determining step.The reaction of cinnamates turns out to be less sensitive to structural changes of the substrate than is the reaction of benzoates as shown by the corresponding Hammet ? values.The electronic effects of 2-nitro groups are strongly solvent dependent.Once more, it is established that whenever specific solvent effects (?-donor or n-donor ability) are present, they dominate the overall effect.A general reaction mechanism is proposed which not only explains the various roles played by the nucleophile but also accounts successfully for the great variety of kinetic schemes observed in aprotic media.