18992-64-8Relevant articles and documents
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Boyer,Mikol
, p. 734 (1969)
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Synthesis of Carbazole, Acridine, Phenazine, 4H-Benzo[def]carbazole and Their Derivatives by Thermal Cyclization Reaction of Aromatic Amines
Horaguchi, Takaaki,Oyanagi, Takako,Creencia, Evelyn Cuevas,Tanemura, Kiyoshi,Suzuki, Tsuneo
, p. 1 - 6 (2007/10/03)
A variety of nitrogen-containing heterocycles were synthesized by passing vapors of aromatic amines over calcium oxide at 450-650 °C under nitrogen carrier gas. Reaction of 2-aminobiphenyl 3a at 560 °C gave carbazole 4 in 80% yield. Reaction of 2,2′-diaminobiphenyl 3b afforded a mixture of carbazole 4 and 4-aminocarbozole 6b. In the case of 2-amino-2′ -nitrobiphenyl 3c, benzo[c]cinnoline 7 was obtained along with carbazole 4. Reaction of 2-amino-2′-methoxybiphenyl 3d gave four products of carbazole 4, 4-hydroxycarbazole 6e, phenanthridine 8 and dibenzofuran 9. Reaction of 2-aminodiphenylmethane 5a afforded acridine 10. In the case of 2-aminobenzophenone 5b, acridone 11 was obtained as a major product. Reaction of 2-aminobenzhydrol 5c gave acridine 10. When 2-aminodiphenylamine 5d was reacted, phenazine 12 was obtained in good yield. In contrast, reaction of 2-aminodiphenyl ether 5e produced only 2-hydroxydiphenylamine 13. Reaction of 4-aminophenanthrene 14 produced 4H-benzo[def]carbazole 15 in 61% yield.