22189-32-8 Usage
Description
Spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis. It is characterized by its white or almost white, slightly hygroscopic powder form. The antibiotic is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and it works by inhibiting protein synthesis through binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and interfering with peptidyl tRNA translocation. A resistance gene (aph) encoding a spectinomycin has been cloned from Legionella pneumophila, which is the disease agent for Legionnaire's disease.
Uses
Used in Animal Health:
Spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate is utilized as a new animal drug application (ANADA) and is administered in the drinking water of chickens. It serves as an aid in the control of airsacculitis, a respiratory condition in poultry.
Used in Human Medicine:
As an aminocyclitol antibiotic, spectinomycin is active against a wide range of bacteria and is used to treat various bacterial infections, particularly gonorrhea. The antibiotic's effectiveness lies in its ability to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, making it a valuable tool in combating resistant strains of bacteria.
Used in Antimicrobial Research:
Spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate is also employed in the study of bacterial resistance mechanisms. The resistance gene (aph) cloned from Legionella pneumophila provides insights into how bacteria develop resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, which can be crucial in the development of new strategies to combat antibiotic resistance.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
The aminocyclitol antibiotic is used in the development of new drugs and drug delivery systems, particularly for targeting Gram-negative bacteria. Its unique mode of action and regional effects on ribosomal structure make it an important compound in the research and development of novel antimicrobial agents.
Therapeutic Function
Antibacterial
Biological Activity
spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic produced by s. spectabilis with activity against gram-negative bacterial species. spectinomycin has been used for the treatment of gonorrhea, where it inhibits microbial protein synthesis by binding to the 30s ribosomal subunit, protects the n‐7 position of e. coli 16s rrna residue g1064 from methylation by dimethyl sulfate. binding of spectinomycin at this location is thought to stabilize helix 34, inhibiting the binding of elongation factor g, thereby blocking translocation of peptidyl‐trnas from the ribosomal a site to the p site [1].spectinomycin selectively inhibited protein synthesis in cells and in extracts of e. coli. mutations to high-level resistance to this antibiotic map close to the streptomycin locus, and the site of action of spectinomycin, like that of streptomycin, is the 30s ribosomal subunit, as shown by experiments with reconstituted 70s ribosomes containing subunits from sensitive and from resistant ribosomes [2].
Biochem/physiol Actions
Mode of Action: Spectinomycin acts by inhibiting protein synthesis and elongation by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and interfering with peptidyl tRNA translocation.Mode of Resistance: A mutation in rpsE, the gene for ribosomal protein S5, prevents the binding of spectinomycin. Resistance is also conferred by the aminoglycoside-3′-adenyltransferase gene (aadA). Antimicrobial spectrum: Spectinomycin acts against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
references
[1] zimmerman j m, maher l j. in vivo selection of spectinomycin‐binding rnas[j]. nucleic acids research, 2002, 30(24): 5425-5435.[2] davies j, anderson p, davis b d. inhibition of protein synthesis by spectinomycin[j]. science, 1965, 149(3688): 1096-1098.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 22189-32-8 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 2,2,1,8 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 3 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 22189-32:
(7*2)+(6*2)+(5*1)+(4*8)+(3*9)+(2*3)+(1*2)=98
98 % 10 = 8
So 22189-32-8 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C14H24N2O7.2ClH.5H2O/c1-5-4-6(17)14(20)13(21-5)22-12-10(19)7(15-2)9(18)8(16-3)11(12)23-14;;;;;;;/h5,7-13,15-16,18-20H,4H2,1-3H3;2*1H;5*1H2/t5-,7-,8+,9+,10+,11-,12-,13+,14+;;;;;;;/m1......./s1
