223243-87-6Relevant articles and documents
Mild zinc-promoted Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions of diprotic phosphonate reagents
Schauer, Douglas J.,Helquist, Paul
, p. 3654 - 3660 (2008/03/13)
We report the development of a mild protocol for the Horner-Wadsworth- Emmons reaction of diprotic phosphonates that makes use of a zinc triflate promoter in the presence of mild ter-tiary amine bases to produce α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids and amides. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
(E)-Selective hydrolysis of (E,Z)-α,β-unsaturated nitriles by the recombinant nitrilase AtNIT1 from Arabidopsis thaliana
Effenberger, Franz,Osswald, Steffen
, p. 2581 - 2587 (2007/10/03)
From stereoisomeric α,β-unsaturated nitriles (E,Z)-1, the recombinant nitrilase AtNIT1 from Arabidopsis thaliana hydrolyses the (E)-isomers exclusively to the corresponding (E)-carboxylic acids (E)-2 with high specificity. The (E)-selectivity can also be utilised for the preparation of the isomerically pure nitriles (Z)-1. From (E,Z)-2-hydroxycinnamonitrile (E,Z)-3, the otherwise difficult obtainable (Z)-3 was prepared in 66% isolated yield. With β,γ-unsaturated (E,Z)-3-heptenenitrile (E,Z)-4, however, (E)-selectivity was not observed. AtNIT1 exhibits not only diastereoselectivity but also regioselectivity. From a mixture of the four isomers A-D of 3-(2-cyanocyclohex-3-enyl)propenenitrile 6, exclusively isomer D ((E)-cis-6) was hydrolysed to 3-(2-cyanocyclohex-3-enyl)propenoic acid (E)-cis-7, as stated by X-ray crystal structure. Only after complete conversion of D and high enzyme concentrations, isomer C ((E)-trans-6) was hydrolysed to a small extent.
SiO2 catalysed expedient synthesis of [E]-3-alkenoic acids in dry media
Kumar, H.M. Sampath,Reddy, B.V. Subba,Reddy, E. Jagan,Yadav
, p. 2401 - 2404 (2007/10/03)
Aliphatic aldehydes with α-hydrogens and malonic acid undergo decarboxylative condensation on the surface of SiO2 when subjected to microwave irradiation generating βγ-unsaturated acids in high yields.