22801-44-1 Usage
Description
Mepivacaine, a synthetic local anesthetic of the amide type, is structurally related to lidocaine. It is used for its numbing effect on nerve tissues, providing pain relief during various medical procedures. Mepivacaine is known for its rapid onset and is metabolized in the liver, with metabolites excreted through bile and urine.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Mepivacaine is used as a local anesthetic for various medical procedures, including infiltration anesthesia, dental procedures, peripheral nerve block, and epidural block. It is available in solutions ranging from 1% to 3% and provides rapid onset of anesthesia, typically between 3 to 20 minutes for sensory block.
Used in Biological Research:
In the field of biological research, Mepivacaine is utilized in studies involving 2-adamantanamine, where it has been observed to produce prolonged spinal block in rats. This application aids in understanding the effects and potential uses of related compounds in medical and pharmaceutical settings.
Originator
Carboraine,Winthrop,US,1960
Manufacturing Process
Ethyl magnesium bromide is prepared in the usual way by reacting 185 parts by weight of ethyl bromide in 800 parts of anhydrous ether with 37 parts by weight of magnesium turnings. Under vigorous stirring 121 parts of 2,6- dimethyl aniline are added at a rate depending on the vigor of the gas evaporation. When the evolution of gas has ceased, 85 parts by weight of Nmethylpipecolic acid ethyl ester are added to the 2,6-dimethyl aniline magnesium bromide slurry. The mixture is refluxed for ? hour with continued stirring, after which it is cooled down. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added carefully in order to dissolve and hydrolyze the magnesium compound formed. The pH is adjusted to 5.5 and the water phase separated and extracted with additional ether in order to remove the surplus dimethyl aniline. After addition of an excess of ammonia to the solution, the reaction product, Nmethylpipecolic acid 2,6-dimethyl anilide, is recovered by extraction with isoamyl alcohol. The isoamyl alcohol solution is evaporated to dryness, the product dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid, treated with charcoal and reprecipitated with NaOH. N-methylpipecolic acid 2,6-dimethyl anilide is obtained in crystalline form.
Therapeutic Function
Local anesthetic
Clinical Use
Mepivacaine hydrochloride [N-(2, 6-dimethylphenyl)-1-methyl 2-piperidinecarboxamide
monohydrochloride] is an amino amide-type local anesthetic agent widely used to provide
regional analgesia and anesthesia by local infiltration, peripheral nerve block, and epidural and
caudal blocks. The pharmacological and toxicological profile of mepivacaine is quite similar to
that of lidocaine, except that mepivacaine has a slightly longer duration of action and lacks the
vasodilator activity of lidocaine. For this reason, it serves as an alternate choice for lidocaine
when addition of epinephrine is not recommended in patients with hypertensive vascular disease.
Synthesis
Mepivacaine is N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1-methyl-2-piperindincarboxamide (2.2.3). Two primary methods of synthesis have been suggested. According to the first, mepivacaine is synthesized by reacting the ethyl ester of 1-methylpiperindine-2-carboxylic acid with 2,6-dimethylanilinomagnesium bromide, which is synthesized from 2,6- dimethylaniline and ethylmagnesium bromide [12–14].
According to the figure below, reacting 2,6-dimethylaniline with the acid chloride of pyridine-carboxylic acid first gives the 2,6-xylidide of α-picolinic acid (2.2.4). Then the aromatic pyridine ring is reduced to piperidine by hydrogen in the presence of a platinum on carbon catalyst.
The resulting 2,6-xylidide α-pipecolinic acid (2.2.5) is methylated to mepivacaine using formaldehyde with simultaneous reduction by hydrogen in the presence of platinum on carbon catalyst [15].
Metabolism
Mepivacaine undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism catalyzed by CYP1A2, with only a small
percentage of the administered dosage (<10%) being excreted unchanged in the urine. The major
metabolic biotransformations of mepivacaine are N-dealkylation (to give the N-demethylated
compound 2′,6′-pipecoloxylidide) and aromatic hydroxylations. These metabolites are excreted as
their corresponding glucuronides.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 22801-44-1 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 2,2,8,0 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 4 and 4 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 22801-44:
(7*2)+(6*2)+(5*8)+(4*0)+(3*1)+(2*4)+(1*4)=81
81 % 10 = 1
So 22801-44-1 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C15H22N2O/c1-11-7-6-8-12(2)14(11)16-15(18)13-9-4-5-10-17(13)3/h6-8,13H,4-5,9-10H2,1-3H3,(H,16,18)
22801-44-1Relevant articles and documents
A convenient and highly enantioselective synthesis of (S)-2-pipecolic acid: an efficient access to caine anesthetics
Yang, Yuyan,Li, Hua,You, Zhonglin,Zhang, Xingxian
, p. 3084 - 3089 (2021/08/12)
A novel and enantioselective synthesis of (S)-2-pipecolic acid (5) has been achieved from Oppolzer’s sultam (1) and ethyl N-(diphenylmethylene)glycinate (2) as readily available starting materials. The highly stereoselective alkylation of chiral glycine intermediate (3) with 1,4-dibromobutane afforded the key backbone of (S)-2-pipecolic acid (5) in one-step that was utilized into the preparation of the local anesthetics mepivacaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine.
PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF (S)-1-ALKYL-2',6'-PIPECOLOXYLIDIDE COMPOUND
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Page/Page column 4-5, (2009/08/16)
The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of high chiral purity (S)-1-alkyl-2',6'-Pipecoloxylidide compound such as Ropivacaine, Levobupivacaine or salts thereof, which comprises crystallization of (S)-1-alkyl-2',6'- Pipecoloxylidide acid addition salt in a non-alcoholic and non-ketonic solvent.
Radical fixation of functionalized carbon resources: α-sp 3C - H carbamoylation of tertiary amines with aryl isocyanates
Yoshimitsu, Takehiko,Matsuda, Kenichi,Nagaoka, Hiroto,Tsukamoto, Koji,Tanaka, Tetsuaki
, p. 5115 - 5118 (2008/03/28)
A new carbamoylation of tertiary amines is reported. This rare C - H transformation features the direct generation of α-aminoalkyl radicals from tertiary amines, followed by the addition of the resultant nucleophilic radicals to isocyanates, enabling unique access to N,N-dialkylated amino acid derivatives. The authors put forward a mechanistic proposal that is based on the isolation of borinamides produced by capturing nitrogen radical intermediates with Et3B. The present transformation provides a novel one-step process for producing mepivacaine, a clinically important local anesthetic, from readily available materials.