25693-94-1Relevant articles and documents
Electronic, molecular, and solid-state structural effects of strong electron withdrawing and donating groups in functionalized fluorophthalonitriles
Pelmu?, Marius,Raab, Jeffrey G.,Patel, Hemantbhai H.,Colomier, Christopher,Foglia, Ralph,Kelty, Stephen P.,Gorun, Sergiu M.
, p. 224 - 235 (2021/03/16)
Perfluoro phthalonitrile substituted separately with perfluoroalkyl (EWG) and NH22, NHMe, and NMe22 (EDG) groups generate a series of aromatic C-H bonds-free nitriles that can now lose electrons, whose HOMO-LUMO gap is narrowed by EDG beyond the level induced by EWG, and whose dipole moments double. Molecular parameters vary linearly with Hammett's free-energy constants, their electronic underpinning being uncovered by DFT calculations. The phthalonitriles' assembling in solid-state structures is determined by forces that transition from van der Waals, in the case of EWG, to H-bonding and/or π-stacking interactions in the case of EDG, as revealed by their single-crystal X-ray structures.
Mechanisms of reactions of halogenated compounds. Part 7. Effects of fluorine and other groups as substituents on nucleophilic aromatic substitution
Chambers, Richard D.,Martin, Peter A.,Sandford, Graham,Williams, D. Lyn H.
scheme or table, p. 998 - 1002 (2009/04/04)
The effect of fluorine as a substituent group on nucleophilic aromatic substitution is discussed, where a fluorine atom located ortho to the point of substitution may be of variable activating influence, whereas fluorine located para is slightly deactivat
3-amino-2,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid and a method for manufacture thereof
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, (2008/06/13)
3-amino-2,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid which is a novel compound and is manufactured by heating 4-amino-3,5,6-trifluorophthalonitrile in the presence of an acid.