316-42-7 Usage
Description
Emetine dihydrochloride, the principal alkaloid of ipecac, is derived from the ground roots of Uragoga ipecacuanha. It is a colorless, combustible powder that turns yellow upon exposure to heat or light. Emetine dihydrochloride is known for its medicinal properties and is used in the treatment of amebiasis. It can also be used as an emetic to induce vomiting.
Uses
Used in Anti-amebic Applications:
Emetine dihydrochloride is used as an anti-amebic agent for the treatment of amebiasis, a parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica.
Used in Emetic Applications:
Emetine dihydrochloride is used as an emetic to induce vomiting in emergency situations, such as drug overdosage and certain cases of poisoning. However, it should not be administered to unconscious individuals or when certain substances like petroleum distillates, strong alkali, acids, or strychnine are ingested.
Used in Research and Drug Development:
Emetine dihydrochloride is used as a protein synthesis inhibitor in various research applications, including studying its effects on human papillomavirus type 8 E2 protein half-life, stress granules assembly, and as a chain-elongation inhibitor in the puromycin assay for protein synthesis.
Used in Pharmaceutical Formulations:
Emetine dihydrochloride is used in the formulation of injectable anti-amebic medications, providing a concentrated and effective treatment option for amebiasis.
Used in Drug Delivery Systems:
Emetine dihydrochloride can be incorporated into drug delivery systems to improve its bioavailability, delivery, and therapeutic outcomes in various applications, including the treatment of amebiasis and as a research tool in protein synthesis studies.
References
https://www.scbt.com/scbt/product/emetine-dihydrochloride-316-42-7
http://www.biovision.com/emetine-dihydrochloride.html
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3068143#section=Top
Air & Water Reactions
Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile
When heated to decomposition, EMETINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE emits very toxic fumes of chlorides, hydrogen chloride and oxides of nitrogen. Turns yellow on exposure to light or heat [EPA, 1998].
Health Hazard
EMETINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE is highly toxic orally. It is an eye irritant. (Non-Specific -- Emetine) Emetine is classified as extremely toxic. Probable oral lethal dose for humans is 5-50 mg/kg, or between 7 drops and one teaspoon for a 150-lb person.
Fire Hazard
When heated to decomposition, EMETINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE emits very toxic fumes of chlorides, hydrogen chloride and oxides of nitrogen. Turns yellow on exposure to light or heat
Biochem/physiol Actions
Emetine dihydrochloride is a member of the ipecac alkaloids family. It can mediate inhibition of protein and nucleic acid synthesis. It exhibits antiviral activity against dengue virus infection and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Emetine dihydrochloride exhibits anti-proliferative effects against bladder cancer cells. It also possesses anti-protozoal activity.
Mechanism of action
Epinephrine, a hormone having a benzenoid structure, C9H13O3N, also called adrenaline. It can be obtained by extraction from the adrenal glands of cattle and also prepared synthetically. Its effect on body metabolism is pronounced, causing an increase in blood pressure and rate of heartbeat. Under normal conditions, its rate of release into the system is constant, but emotional stresses, such as fear or anger rapidly increase the output and result in temporarily heightened metabolic activity. Epinephrine is used for the symptomatic treatment of bronchial asthma and reversible bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The drug acts on both alpha and beta receptor sites. Beta stimulation provides bronchodilator action by relaxing bronchial muscle. Alpha stimulation increases vital capacity by reducing congestion of the bronchial mucosa and by constricting pulmonary vessels.Epinephrine has numerous effects on intermediary metabolism. Among these are promotion of hepatic glycogenolysis, inhibition of hepatic gluconeognesis, and inhibition of insulin release. The drug also promotes the release of free fatty acids from triglyceride stores in adipose tissues. Epinephrine produces numerous cardiovascular effects. Epinephrine is particularly useful in treating conditions of immediate hypersensitivity— interactions between antigen and antibody. These mechanisms cause attacks of anaphylaxis, hay fever, hives and allergic asthma. Anaphylaxis can occur after bee and wasp stings, venoms, etc. Although the mechanism is not fully understood, epinephrine can play a lifesaving role in the treatment of acute systemic anaphylaxis.
Safety Profile
A poison by ingestion,
intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and
intravenous routes. Human systemic effects:
diarrhea, distorted perceptions, dyspnea,
hallucinations, hypermothty, nausea or
vomiting. A human eye irritant. When
heated to decomposition it emits very toxic
fumes of Cland NOx.
Potential Exposure
Emetine dihydrochloride is an
injectable form of emetine; an alkaloid and antiamebic; the
active ingredient of Ipecac. Emetine dihydrochloride is
used as chemical reagent, organic intermediate; in pharmaceutical R&D
Shipping
UN1544 Alkaloids, solid, n.o.s. or Alkaloid salts,
solid, n.o.s. poisonous, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-
Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. UN2811
Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-
Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required
Purification Methods
It crystallises from MeOH/Et2O, MeOH or Et2O/EtOAc. The free base has m 104-105o, and the (-)-phenylthiourea derivative has m 220-221o (from EtOAc/pet ether, [] D -29.3o (CHCl3)). IR: 3413 (OH) and 2611 (NH+) cm-1; UV at 230nm ( 16 200) and 282nm ( 6 890) max max [Brossi et al. Helv Chim Acta 42 1515 1959, Barash et al. J Chem Soc 3530 1959]. [Beilstein 23 III/IV 3419.]
Incompatibilities
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, and epoxides. Turns yellow on
contact with light or heat
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 316-42-7 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 3,1 and 6 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 4 and 2 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 316-42:
(5*3)+(4*1)+(3*6)+(2*4)+(1*2)=47
47 % 10 = 7
So 316-42-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C29H40N2O4.2ClH/c1-6-18-17-31-10-8-20-14-27(33-3)29(35-5)16-23(20)25(31)12-21(18)11-24-22-15-28(34-4)26(32-2)13-19(22)7-9-30-24;;/h13-16,18,21,24-25,30H,6-12,17H2,1-5H3;2*1H/t18-,21-,24?,25?;;/m0../s1
