32754-99-7Relevant articles and documents
An improved synthesis of 4-aminobutanenitrile from 4-azidobutanenitrile and comments on room temperature stability
Capon, Patrick K.,Avery, Thomas D.,Purdey, Malcolm S.,Abell, Andrew D.
, p. 428 - 436 (2020/12/25)
4-Aminobutanenitrile (1) is an important synthetic intermediate for neurological disorder therapeutics including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, and is an industrial precursor to pyrroline and pyrrolidine. Synthesis of 1 by Co(II) catalyzed reduction of 4-azidobutanenitrile (2) with NaBH4, or by a one-pot Staudinger reduction of 2 in THF, was low yielding. 1H-NMR analysis of the Staudinger reduction revealed the formation of iminophosphorane intermediate (3) after 22 h at rt, and that increasing the reaction temperature from rt to 40 °C promoted hydrolysis of 3 to 1. A modified Staudinger reduction of 2 involving pyridine as solvent, addition of water 3 h after triphenylphosphine, and a temperature increase to 40 °C, gave rise to 1 in 69% yield. 1 is unstable at rt, thus the hydrochloride salt of 1 (1?HCl) was prepared by bubbling HCl(g) through a solution of 1 in chloroform. 1?HCl is stable at rt and is hence the preferred form for storage.
PYRIMIDINE COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ACIDIC GROUPS
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Paragraph 1178; 1180, (2018/06/15)
The present disclosure relates to a class of pyrimidine derivatives having immunomodulating properties that act via TLR7 which are useful in the treatment of viral infections and cancers.
Photostimulated reduction of nitriles by SmI2
Rao, Chintada Nageswara,Hoz, Shmaryahu
experimental part, p. 4029 - 4034 (2012/06/29)
Despite their high electron-withdrawing strength, nitriles are not good electron acceptors and therefore are hard to reduce. In this work, using photostimulation in the visible region, we examined the reactivity of aliphatic and aromatic, mono- and dicyano compounds in reaction with SmI2. A proton donor that complexes efficiently with SmI2 must be used. Maximum yield was obtained at ca.0.2 M MeOH. Aromatic nitriles were more reactive than aliphatic nitriles, which exhibited negligible yields. Phenylacetonitrile presents an intermediate reactivity. The mechanism of the reaction involves coordination of the SmI2 to the lone pair of the nitrile nitrogen followed by an inner sphere electron transfer. Surprisingly, m-dicyanobenzene was less reactive than the monocyano derivative benzonitrile. This was traced to the lower ability of the dicyano compound to coordinate to the SmI2 due to, as was shown by quantum mechanical calculations, its lone pair having an energy significantly lower than that of benzonitrile. It is noteworthy that at the SmI2 initial concentration used (0.04M), light penetrates only the 0.4 mm outer layer of the reaction mixture. Therefore the photostimulation effect observed was due to irradiation of only 4% of the total reaction volume, implying that under optimal conditions the effect should be 25 times larger.