36357-32-1Relevant articles and documents
Mechanism of 2,5-dioxopiperazine formation
Capasso, Sante,Vergara, Alessandro,Mazzarella, Lelio
, p. 1990 - 1995 (1998)
The cyclization of H-Ala-Pro-NH2 to the 2,5-dioxopiperazine (DKP) has been Studied as a model for the spontaneous cleavage of the peptide bond with concomitant formation of 2,5-dioxopiperazine that can occur at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. The reaction involves pre-equilibrium attack of the N-terminal amino group on the carbonyl carbon of the second residue giving a zwitterionic intermediate, T(±) which is in acid-base equilibrium with various forms characterized by the different grades of protonation, T0, T+ and T-. The Bronsted plot for the base-catalysis and the pH-rate profile give pK(a) ~ 7 and ~ 13 for the equilibria T- + H+ ? T(±) + T(-) + H(+) ? T0 respectively. The reaction is subjects to general base and general acid cataysis on different steps. Departure of the amino group from T0 and T- by two parallel routes gives the product. The bifunctional acid catalyst HCO3- strongly increase the reaction rate and at high concentrations cause a of the rate-limiting step. At high pH, the overall reaction rate is limited by the trans - cis isomerization of the Ala-Pro peptide bond.
Cyclo(l-proline-l-serine) Dipeptide Suppresses Seed Borne Fungal Pathogens of Rice: Altered Cellular Membrane Integrity of Fungal Hyphae and Seed Quality Benefits
Poonia, Baninderjit Kaur,Sidhu, Anjali,Sharma, Anju Bala
, p. 2160 - 2168 (2022/02/23)
Five proline-containing diketopiperazines (Pro-DKPs) produced by antagonistic microorganisms as secondary metabolites were selected and synthesized under laboratory conditions. Out of five synthesized Pro-DKPs, cyclo(l-Pro-l-Ser) (DKP-6) revealed the best inhibition of fungal pathogens (Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium fujikuroi) of rice under in vitro conditions with effective doses lower than standard fungicide carbendazim. DKP-6 induced stress on the fungal cell membrane integrity, which was revealed by calcofluor white and propidium iodide assays, endorsed by ultra-microscopic details and soluble protein leakage assays. In vivo seed treatment of infested rice seeds with DKP-6 at 2000 μg/mL for 10 h of seed treatment inflicted best reduction in seed rot and seedling blight with respect to control and carbendazim. Significant enhancement in seedling quality parameters were also observed. The work presented the strong influence of cyclo(l-Pro-l-Ser) as a mycocidal seed treatment agent better than synthetic toxic fungicides for rice.
Cyclols Revisited: Facile Synthesis of Medium-Sized Cyclic Peptides
Mendoza-Sanchez, Rodrigo,Corless, Victoria B.,Nguyen, Q. Nhu N.,Bergeron-Brlek, Milan,Frost, John,Adachi, Shinya,Tantillo, Dean J.,Yudin, Andrei K.
supporting information, p. 13319 - 13322 (2017/10/05)
Medium-sized rings, particularly the corresponding cyclic peptides, are challenging synthetic targets. In the present study, we report an approach to medium-sized cyclic peptides through targeted formation and collapse of cyclol intermediates. This methodology operates on β-amino imides derived from 2,5-diketopiperazines and offers a straightforward transition from frequently examined scaffolds in drug discovery to a rarely visited class of medium-sized rings.
AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL CONTAINING 2,5-DIKETOPIPERAZINE DERIVATIVE AS ACTIVE INGREDIENT
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Paragraph 0033, (2013/06/05)
Disclosed herein is an agricultural agent containing a 2,5-diketopiperazine derivative capable of controlling plant diseases and promoting plant growth or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.