5064-52-8Relevant articles and documents
Hydrogen shifts in cyclohexylcarbenes. Spatial dependence of activating power and of primary deuterium isotope effects
Kenar, James A.,Nickon, Alex
, p. 14871 - 14894 (2007/10/03)
The conformationally biased ketones 4-t-butyl-cis-2-methylcyclohexanone (1c) and 4-t-butyl-cis-2-trans-6-dimethylcyclohexanone (7a; and its 2,6-dideuterio derivative 7c) were converted into p-toluenesulfonylhydrazone Li salts. Thermolysis or photolysis generated putative singlet carbenes, which underwent competitive axial vs equatorial H shift (or D shift in the case of 7c) to give alkenes. Product analysis showed that a bystander Me(eq) substituent promotes a geminal H shift several times more efficiently than does a bystander Me(ax). This geometry-dependent activating power parallels behavior noted earlier for OMe and Ph bystander groups; but as Me groups are rotationally symmetric and possess no lone pair or π electrons this phenomenon cannot be attributed solely to rotameric considerations or to effects involving mobile electron clouds. For the trans-dimethylcarbenes 10a and 10c the primary deuterium isotope effect (k(H)/k(D)) for axial migration (I(ax)) was determined to be ca. 1.5 times larger than that for equatorial migration (I(eq)). This finding invalidates the common assumption that I(ax) = I(eq) and suggests that published data on deuterium isotope effects and on H(ax)/H(eq) migration selectivities need to be adjusted.
Axial/equatorial proportions for 2-substituted cyclohexanones
Basso,Kaiser,Rittner,Lambert
, p. 7865 - 7869 (2007/10/02)
Axial-equatorial conformational proportions have been measured for 2- substituted cyclohexanones in chloroform by the Eliel method for F, Cl, Br, I, MeO, MeS, Me2N, MeSe, and Me. For the first seven of these, at least five experimentally independent measurables were used and the resulting conformational preferences appear to be accurate to within 10%. Systematic errors degraded the results for MeSe and Me. For Me2N, the conformational preference also was measured for the first time at slow exchange in the low- temperature 13C spectrum in several solvents. In chloroform, steric and polar effects contribute to the conformational preferences, with steric effects dominant for large groups such as I and MeS.
Alkyl Migration in Competition with Phenylthio Migration in the Acid-catalysed Rearrangement of Alcohols
Hannaby, Malcolm,Warren, Stuart
, p. 3007 - 3014 (2007/10/02)
Sulfonate derivatives of conformationally rigid syn-2-phenylthiocyclohexanols, which are prevented from phenylthio migration by stereochemistry, rearrange slowly by alkyl migration or ring contraction.In contrast to other electronegative groups, phenylthio slows the reaction down but allows migration of other groups.