51-71-8 Usage
Description
Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) that was introduced in the 1950s as one of the first antidepressant drugs. It is primarily used for treating patients with depressive characteristics such as "atypical," "nonendogenous," or "neurotic" conditions, where a combination of anxiety, depression, or phobia is observed. Phenelzine is not a first-choice drug and is typically used in depressions that do not respond to other medicinal drugs. It is also used in the treatment of panic attacks, narcolepsy, and bulimia.
Uses
Used in Antidepressant Applications:
Phenelzine is used as an antidepressant for patients with atypical and refractory depression, which does not respond to other medicinal drugs. It helps in modulating the levels of monoamines in the brain, thereby alleviating depressive symptoms.
Used in the Treatment of Panic Attacks:
Phenelzine is used as a treatment for panic attacks, where it helps in reducing the frequency and severity of these episodes by modulating the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.
Used in the Treatment of Narcolepsy:
Phenelzine is used as a treatment for narcolepsy, a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden episodes of sleep. It helps in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and improving alertness.
Used in the Treatment of Bulimia:
Phenelzine is used as a treatment for bulimia, an eating disorder characterized by binge eating and purging behaviors. It helps in regulating the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, which can contribute to the control of binge eating and purging behaviors.
Used in Parkinson's Disease Treatment:
Selective monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors, such as selegiline, which is a derivative of Phenelzine, are used to treat Parkinson's disease. These inhibitors help in reducing the breakdown of dopamine in the brain, thereby improving the symptoms of the disease.
Therapeutic Function
Psychostimulant
Mechanism of action
Phenelzine is a hydrazine MAOI. Its mechanism of action is the prolonged, nonselective,
irreversible inhibition of MAO. Phenelzine has been used with some success in the management of bulimia
nervosa. The MAOIs, however, are potentially dangerous in patients with binge eating and purging behaviors,
and the American Psychiatric Association states that MAOIs should be used with caution in the management
of bulimia nervosa.
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: ataxia, somnolence. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Used as an antidepressant. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
Synthesis
Phenelzine, 2-phenylethylhydrazine (7.2.1), is synthesized by reacting
2-phenylethylbromide with hydrazine [42–45].
Drug interactions
Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Alcohol: some alcoholic and dealcoholised drinks
contain tyramine which can cause hypertensive crisis. Alpha-blockers: avoid with indoramin; enhanced
hypotensive effect.
Analgesics: CNS excitation or depression with
pethidine, other opioids and nefopam - avoid;
increased risk of serotonergic effects and convulsions
with tramadol - avoid.
Antidepressants: enhancement of CNS effects and
toxicity. Care with all antidepressants including drug
free periods when changing therapies.
Antiepileptics: antagonism of anticonvulsant effect;
avoid carbamazepine with or within 2 weeks of
MAOIs.
Antimalarials: avoid with artemether/lumefantrine
and piperaquine with artenimol.
Antipsychotics: effects enhanced by clozapine.
Atomoxetine: avoid concomitant use and for 2 weeks
after use.
Bupropion: avoid with or for 2 weeks after MAOIs.
Dapoxetine: risk of hypertensive crisis - avoid.
Diuretics: avoid with indoramin.
Dopaminergics: avoid with entacapone and
tolcapone; hypertensive crisis with levodopa and
rasagiline - avoid for at least 2 weeks after stopping
MAOI; hypotension with selegiline.
5HT1
agonist: risk of CNS toxicity with
sumatriptan, rizatriptan and zolmitriptan - avoid
sumatriptan and rizatriptan for 2 weeks after MAOI.
Methyldopa: avoid concomitant use.
Opicapone: avoid concomitant use.
Sympathomimetics: hypertensive crisis with
sympathomimetics - avoid with methylphenidate.
Tetrabenazine: risk of CNS excitation and
hypertension avoid.
Environmental Fate
MAOIs are available orally. Accidental or intentional ingestion
are the most common routes of exposure.
Metabolism
Phenelzine is metabolised in the liver by oxidation via
monoamine oxidase, and is excreted in the urine almost
entirely in the form of metabolites.
Toxicity evaluation
Monoamine oxidase is the enzyme principally responsible
for degradation of amine neurotransmitters (norepinephrine,
epinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine). There are two
isoenzymes of monoamine oxidase: monoamine oxidase A
(MAO-A) and MAO-B. MAO-A preferentially deaminates
serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine as well as dietary
vasopressors such as tyramine. MAO-B preferentially deaminates
dopamine and phenethylamine. MAOIs block the
monoamine oxidase enzymes leading to neurotransmitter
accumulation. The older MAOIs such as phenelzine, tranylcypromine,
and isocarboxazid were irreversible and nonselective
and inhibited both MAO-A and MAO-B. Moclobemide is
a reversible MAO-A inhibitor used in the treatment of depression.
Selegiline and rasagiline are irreversible selective MAO-B
inhibitors and are approved to treat Parkinson’s disease.
MAOIs do not have any effect on monoamine oxidase
production. Once irreversibly blocked, the monoamine oxidase
enzyme level then regenerates over many weeks. MAOIs may
also stimulate the release of norepinephrine from some nerve
endings while having a sympatholytic effect at postganglionic
terminals. Since selegiline is MAO-B selective, its use does
not result in as many drug–drug and drug–food interactions
as the other MAOIs.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 51-71-8 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 5 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 51-71:
(4*5)+(3*1)+(2*7)+(1*1)=38
38 % 10 = 8
So 51-71-8 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C8H12N2/c9-10-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,10H,6-7,9H2
51-71-8Relevant articles and documents
Benzene second grade jing synthetic method (by machine translation)
-
Paragraph 0008-0010, (2018/06/04)
The invention provides a method for synthesis of benzene second grade jing, the method benzene ethanol and hydrazine as raw material, for sodium hexametaphosphate as catalyst, reaction at certain temperature synthetic benzene second grade jing. In the reaction process is maintained in excess of hydrazine hydrate, in order to make the phenethyl alcohol reaction is complete, at the same time, the reaction is generated in the water through the rectification device continuously separating out from the reaction system, shortens the reaction time, improves the reaction yield. The method of the invention the process is simple, the reaction yield is high, production cost is low, not acid-base neutralization reaction, does not produce organic salt-containing waste water, waste is discharged little, is an environment-friendly production process. (by machine translation)
